Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research

Keyword Index

A

Access to water Explaining Water Security Components and Proposing Management Strategies in the Agricultural Sector: A Case Study of Lorestan Province, Iran [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1895-1912]
Accumulation Influence of nickel and zinc on growth, metal accumulation, and uptake and transport of iron in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1147-1160]
Acid modified biochar Effects of modified biochars on some biological and chemical properties of calcareous soil [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 373-388]
Adsorption isotherm The effect of leonardite on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of boron in calcareous soils [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 43-54]
Agarak Mine Environmental Impact Assessment of the Agarak Mine on the Water Quality of the Aras River: Validation of Physicochemical Results Using Biological Indices [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 309-330]
Agricultural drought monitoring Analyzing the Impacts of Climate Change on Vegetation Dynamics and Agricultural Drought Intensity in the Karun River Basin Using Remote Sensing-Based Vegetation Indices [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3415-3434]
Agricultural lands Evaluating the effects of land use change on CO2 emissions using satellite image analysis and deep learning methods (Case study: Ahvaz county, 2014-2020) [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1913-1930]
Agricultural products Investigation of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic) status in Iranian agricultural products and a critique of published studies – a review study [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2337-2374]
Agricultural water saving Introducing a Comprehensive Profitability Index to Unlock the Value of Drainage Water Recycling system in Khuzestan Province [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1839-1859]
Agriculture Explaining Water Security Components and Proposing Management Strategies in the Agricultural Sector: A Case Study of Lorestan Province, Iran [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1895-1912]
Algal Blooms A Review of Eutrophication Management Methods: Strategies to Control Algal Blooms and Invasive Aquatic Plants [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3475-3488]
Algorithm Modeling vegetation changes in Zagros forests based on machine learning algorithms and satellite images [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2057-2077]
Alvand watershed The efficiency of weathering indices and geochemical elements in sub_basin spatial sediment sources fingerprinting (case study: Alvand watershed, Kermanshah province) [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 1-16]
Amino acids Studying the effect of nutrition management on yield and nutrient absorption and increasing cold resistance of Mihan wheat cultivar in cold climate (Case study: Lorestan Province, Azna County) [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1309-1322]
Aminochelate The effect of priming application of zinc aminochelate and ZnSO4 fertilizer on the chemical forms of zinc in the soil solution phase and its correlation with zinc concentration in sunflower [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1379-1399]
Annual relative supply index of irrigation Evaluation of seasonal performance of irrigation systems and plants with ARIS index [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 75-90]
Annual sediment yield Mapping of soil erosion risk and sediment yield using WaTEM/SEDEM in Hajighoshan watershed of Golestan province [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2691-2709]
AOD index Comparing machine learning algorithms for estimating PM10 particle concentration using AOD and selected meteorological parameters [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 127-150]
Applied Water Comparison of watermelon water consumption estimated from the NIAZAB system with field applied water amounts [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1799-1819]
Aras River Environmental Impact Assessment of the Agarak Mine on the Water Quality of the Aras River: Validation of Physicochemical Results Using Biological Indices [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 309-330]
Aras River Evaluation of water quality changes in Aras border river downstream and upstream of Khodaafrin Dam using water quality indicators [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 503-518]
Arid regions Investigating the possibility of improving lowـyielding sandy soils using carboxymethyl cellulose and humic acid [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 851-863]
ARIMA Model Comparison of Box-Jenkins Models with Machine Learning Algorithms for streamflow yield modeling (Case study: Taleghan watershed) [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3009-3026]
Artificial Neural Network Estimation of Potassium Oxide Content in Potash Fertilizer Using Hyperspectral Image Processing and Machine Learning Methods [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1539-1554]
Artificial Neural Networks Application of soft computing in simulating rainfed wheat yield using integration of climatic data and remote sensing indices [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2225-2244]
Arylsulfatase The effect of activated biochar and hydrochar produced from the algae Chlorella vulgaris on the biological and enzymatic properties of the soil [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2613-2637]
Auxin The effect of seed priming with growth regulators and foliar spraying of zinc and magnesium nanoparticles on the growth and performance of the medicinal plant (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.DON) under drought stress conditions [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 995-1010]
Available phosphorus Effects of modified biochars on some biological and chemical properties of calcareous soil [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 373-388]
Available phosphorus Assessing the horizontal and vertical distribution of phosphorus in agricultural soil around maize root using a fertigation method in surface drip irrigation [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 571-588]
Available water The effect of hydrochar particle size on the physical and hydraulic properties of sandy loam soil [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 935-948]
Available Zn The effect of priming application of zinc aminochelate and ZnSO4 fertilizer on the chemical forms of zinc in the soil solution phase and its correlation with zinc concentration in sunflower [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1379-1399]

B

Baghan watershed Geochemical Sediment Fingerprinting Using a Multivariate Composite Model in the Baghan Watershed [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2503-2519]
Barrier Degree A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Anzali Wetland Using AHP-Entropy-CRITIC Combined Weighting Method and TOPSIS-GRA Model [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-126]
Basal respiration The effect of high-density polyethylene microplastic and cow manure biochar on carbon, nitrogen and some biological properties of soil [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1289-1307]
Benefit-cost ratio Evaluation of Economic Water Productivity in Quinoa Cultivation Using Saline Water and Deficit Irrigation in a Tape Drip Irrigation System in Fars Province [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2751-2766]
Bentonite Investigating the effects of some selected organic, inorganic materials and plant growth promoting bacteria in modifying the physical and chemical properties of a sandy Entisol [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 55-74]
Bentonite Morphological traits, seed yield and seed nutrient absorption of triticale plants in the presence of nickel with application of some organic and inorganic soil amendments [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2467-2482]
Bias correction Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning and Traditional Statistical Approaches in Bias Correction of CMIP6 Precipitation Data [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3087-3106]
Bioaccumulation The role of cadmium-resistant bacteria and modifiers in improving rice crop quality [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1685-1714]
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals Assessment of the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soil and Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) under Irrigation with Industrial Wastewater and Application of Sewage Sludge [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3331-3350]
Bioavailability Effect of Biochar Particle Size and Chemical Activation on the Bioavailability of Some Heavy Metals in Co-Compost of Municipal Solid Waste [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1967-1986]
Biochar Investigating the effect of biochar and humic acid application on nutrient content and grain yield of chickpea [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 807-823]
Biochar Effect of Biochar Particle Size and Chemical Activation on the Bioavailability of Some Heavy Metals in Co-Compost of Municipal Solid Waste [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1967-1986]
Biochar The effect of biochar application along with potassium fertilizer on soil K status, rice yield and yield components in two K-depleted paddy soils [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2541-2564]
Biochar Phosphate sorption and leaching in a sandy loam soil amended with biochars: Evidence from batch and column experiments [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3047-3059]
Biofertilizer Investigation of actinomycetes inoculation on phosphorus dissolution and the effect of two selected isolates on the growth and nutritional indices of barley plant [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3107-3128]
Biological index Environmental Impact Assessment of the Agarak Mine on the Water Quality of the Aras River: Validation of Physicochemical Results Using Biological Indices [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 309-330]
Biological quality Assessment of the Effects of Water Erosion on Changes in Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties in the Monzelab Watershed, Zahedan County [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1781-1798]
Biomass Morphological traits, seed yield and seed nutrient absorption of triticale plants in the presence of nickel with application of some organic and inorganic soil amendments [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2467-2482]
Blue Water Shortage (BWS) index From consumption monitoring to response to water footprint unsustainability: Integrated multi-objective optimization of cropping patterns with a holistic-detail approach (Case study: Markazi Province) [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1987-2011]
Bootstrapping Uncertainty and Spatial mapping of soil salinity and sodicity using machine learning methods in three different management depths in Abyek region [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 607-629]
Boron Nanoparticles Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Copper, Iron, and Manganese Borates Using a Chemical Coprecipitation Method and the Release Kinetics of These Elements in Water and Soil [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1479-1493]
Bulk density The effect of hydrochar particle size on the physical and hydraulic properties of sandy loam soil [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 935-948]
Bulk density Effect of land use change on some physical and chemical properties of soils in the northern half of Fars province [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1161-1174]
Bulk density Prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivity with pedotransfer functions for Sistan Plain soils [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2411-2427]
Bushehr Province Identification and Analysis of Wind Erosion and Dust Emission Hotspots in Bushehr Province, Iran [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2483-2502]
Bushehr Province Geochemical Sediment Fingerprinting Using a Multivariate Composite Model in the Baghan Watershed [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2503-2519]

C

Cadmium Ecological and Environmental Risk Assessment of Cadmium Heavy Metal in Soil (Case Study: Shahr-e-Ray, Tehran Province) [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1401-1420]
Cadmium The role of cadmium-resistant bacteria and modifiers in improving rice crop quality [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1685-1714]
Cadmium Experimental Study and evaluation of kinetic models of cadmium desorption from bed sediment load in a circular Flume [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2393-2410]
Calcareous soil The effect of leonardite on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of boron in calcareous soils [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 43-54]
CA-Markov model Spatio-temporal analysis and future prediction of land use changes using multitemporal remotely sensed data and GIS techniques in Hirmand River Basin [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 785-805]
Carbon sequestration Evaluation of the carbon sequestration of halophyte species and soil of saline habitats (Case study - Hoz Sultan lake) [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 983-994]
Carbon sequestration Simulating soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in various managements through CENTURY model at Saral area in West Iran [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1059-1083]
Carbon sequestration Predicting Soil Organic Carbon as Affected by Climate Change Scenarios in the Natural Habitat of Halocnemum strobilaceum [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1437-1457]
Caspian Sea Projected Changes in Wind and Evaporation Patterns of the Caspian Sea under Different Climate Change Scenarios [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3455-3474]
Catalase Impact of microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation by native Bacillus licheniformis on enzymatic activity in Khuzestan sand dunes [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2285-2299]
Cavitation index Investigation of Flow Parameters in a Chute Spillway Using FLOW-3D Software [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 411-431]
Central Iran Soil Evolution as affected by variation of soil forming factors using magnetic susceptibility technique along Bardsir-Khaneh Sorkh transect [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1323-1337]
Chemical Fertilizer Estimation of Potassium Oxide Content in Potash Fertilizer Using Hyperspectral Image Processing and Machine Learning Methods [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1539-1554]
Chemical Fertilizer Delineation of soil fertility management zones in paddy fields using geostatistical and fuzzy clustering methods [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1761-1779]
Chemical fractionations Investigating the effect of carbon black on chemical fractions of lead and some physical properties of soil [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2865-2886]
Chemical stabilization Investigation of the effects of leonardite-derived humic substances on nickel desorption kinetics and chemical forms in a calcareous nickel-contaminated soil [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1555-1569]
Chemical tracers Geochemical Sediment Fingerprinting Using a Multivariate Composite Model in the Baghan Watershed [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2503-2519]
Chickpea Investigating the effect of biochar and humic acid application on nutrient content and grain yield of chickpea [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 807-823]
Chitosan Evaluation of the potential of chitosan and nanochitosan on improving the growth and yield of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under salt stress conditions [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1519-1538]
Chlorophyll Investigating the effect of humic acid and amino acids on the quantitative and qualitative yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2565-2591]
Chlorophyll-a Monitoring dynamic changes in water quality parameters of dam reservoirs using remote sensing [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2711-2734]
Clay and nanoclay Modification of some physical and chemical properties of low productivity sandy soils using bentonite and nano-bentonite [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 171-186]
Clay dispersion Comparison of calcium and sodium in the release and re-fixation of potassium in various soils with distinct physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics in southern Iran [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1631-1646]
Climate Soil Evolution as affected by variation of soil forming factors using magnetic susceptibility technique along Bardsir-Khaneh Sorkh transect [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1323-1337]
Climate Climatic Assessment of FAO WaPOR Reference Evapotranspiration Product [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2825-2844]
CMIP6 A Novel Method for Predicting Future Changes in Groundwater Level Using K-means and Random Forest Algorithms with CMIP6 Climate Data in the Eslamabad West Plain [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1495-1518]
CMIP6 Modeling and Identification of Key Factors Affecting Groundwater Level in the Ravansar-Sanjabi Plain Using CMIP6 Climate Data [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2079-2117]
CMIP6 Projection of Urban Water Demand Considering Climate Change Conditions Using a Machine Learning Approach (Case Study: Borujerd City, Iran) [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2907-2928]
CMIP6 Sensitivity Analysis of Several Potential Evapotranspiration Equations to Climatic Variables in the Basetime and Future Periods Using the Sobol Method [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3293-3313]
CO₂ Evaluating the effects of land use change on CO2 emissions using satellite image analysis and deep learning methods (Case study: Ahvaz county, 2014-2020) [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1913-1930]
Coastal aquifer Management of Saltwater Intrusion in Sloping Coastal Aquifers Using the Meshless Local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) Numerical Method [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3197-3215]
Cold-water dissolved organic carbon Impacts of Low and High-Density Polyethylene Microplastics and Their Biodegradation on Soil Organic Carbon Pools [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3315-3329]
Colonization The effect of inoculation with native mycorrhizal fungi of Khuzestan and the application of phosphorus fertilizer on soil phosphatase enzyme activity and the concentration of some elements in Zea mays. [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1593-1608]
Combined Trapezoidal Control Notch Performance analysis of combined trapezoidal control notch in the sub-critical flow [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2119-2136]
Composite Analysis ' Influence of leading teleconnection indices on key climate variables—precipitation and Tmin/Tmax—at Saveh Synoptic Station, Iran. [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3217-3235]
Composite Weights A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Anzali Wetland Using AHP-Entropy-CRITIC Combined Weighting Method and TOPSIS-GRA Model [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-126]
Computational Fluid Dynamics Assessment of Machine Learning Algorithms for Discharge Coefficient Prediction in Labyrinth-glory weirs: A Risk Analysis Approach [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 865-880]
Concentration distribution Evaluation of GPR-PSO and KNN-PSO data-mining models for prediction of suspended sediment concentration distribution [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 701-714]
Conceptual model Presenting effective mechanisms for water users’ participation in agricultural water management [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 207-228]
Controlled Release of Nutrients Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Copper, Iron, and Manganese Borates Using a Chemical Coprecipitation Method and the Release Kinetics of These Elements in Water and Soil [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1479-1493]
Control Structures Development of an Inverse Reinforcement Learning Method Integrated with the ICSS Hydrodynamic Model in the Dez canal [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1339-1353]
Corn The effect of conservation tillage on soil biological and enzymatic activities and physiological characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1571-1592]
Corn Evaluation of the efficiency of liquid organic fertilizers enriched with different iron sources on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and post-harvest soil enzymatic activity [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3489-3508]
Cost opportunity Introducing a Comprehensive Profitability Index to Unlock the Value of Drainage Water Recycling system in Khuzestan Province [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1839-1859]
Cow manure The Effect of Drought Stress and Organic Fertilizer Application on Yield and Yield Components of Onion (Case Study: Isfahan Province) [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1085-1101]
Cow manure Improving the yield of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) by changing the chemical properties of casing soil under the influence of biochar application [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2791-2807]
Critical depth Performance analysis of combined trapezoidal control notch in the sub-critical flow [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2119-2136]
Cropping pattern and composition From consumption monitoring to response to water footprint unsustainability: Integrated multi-objective optimization of cropping patterns with a holistic-detail approach (Case study: Markazi Province) [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1987-2011]
Crop water stress index Evaluation of Water Stress Indicators in Spinach Plants under Greenhouse Conditions [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2163-2177]
Cutoff wall Management of Saltwater Intrusion in Sloping Coastal Aquifers Using the Meshless Local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) Numerical Method [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3197-3215]
Cytokinin Gibberellin The effect of seed priming with growth regulators and foliar spraying of zinc and magnesium nanoparticles on the growth and performance of the medicinal plant (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.DON) under drought stress conditions [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 995-1010]

D

Daily Cyclonicity Index Production and Trend Analysis of Daily Cyclonicity Indices over East Azerbaijan Province (Tabriz) [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3275-3292]
Data-Driven model Assessment of Machine Learning Algorithms for Discharge Coefficient Prediction in Labyrinth-glory weirs: A Risk Analysis Approach [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 865-880]
Data Integration Application of the Combination of Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Approaches in Predicting Hydrological Parameters: A Bibliometric Analysis [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 825-850]
Decision Tree Comparative Analysis of Dust Storm Frequency Modeling Using the XGBoost Machine Learning Model and the Element-Free Galerkin Method (Case study: Ilam Province) [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1421-1436]
Deep learning Optimizing Water Productivity in the Face of Climate Change: The Central Role of Machine Learning Approaches [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 2929-2949]
Deep learning method Evaluating the effects of land use change on CO2 emissions using satellite image analysis and deep learning methods (Case study: Ahvaz county, 2014-2020) [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1913-1930]
Deficit irrigation The Effect of Drought Stress and Organic Fertilizer Application on Yield and Yield Components of Onion (Case Study: Isfahan Province) [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1085-1101]
Deficit irrigation Improving Water Productivity Through Deficit Irrigation Using the SALTMED Model [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2137-2162]
Deforestation Modeling vegetation changes in Zagros forests based on machine learning algorithms and satellite images [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2057-2077]
Desorption The effect of leonardite on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of boron in calcareous soils [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 43-54]
Desorption rate Experimental Study and evaluation of kinetic models of cadmium desorption from bed sediment load in a circular Flume [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2393-2410]
Dicalcium phosphate Evaluation of the effects of subsurface drip and furrow irrigation on the soil mineral phosphorus fractions in sugarcane cultivation [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2887-2905]
Different iron forms Soil Evolution as affected by variation of soil forming factors using magnetic susceptibility technique along Bardsir-Khaneh Sorkh transect [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1323-1337]
Digital elevation map An Investigation of DEM Resolution Influence on Flood Inundation (Case study: Karun River) [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 965-982]
Digital land suitability assessment Land suitability assessment using the Marcos method and its comparison with the parametric method [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1821-1838]
Discharge rate Comparison of Monte Carlo Method and SARIMA Time Series Models in Forecasting Jamishan River Flow [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2267-2284]
Discriminant Analysis Assessment of Soil Physical Quality in Different Management Systems of Rangelands in Zanjan Province [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1715-1735]
Discriminant Analysis Quantitative Assessment of Soil Quality Under Rangeland Management Systems in Zanjan Province [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3061-3086]
Diverted Flow Assessment of Machine Learning Algorithms for Discharge Coefficient Prediction in Labyrinth-glory weirs: A Risk Analysis Approach [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 865-880]
Downscale Investigating the Effect of Climate Change on the Forecast of precipitation Based on the Best Satellite in Kermanshah Province [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1861-1878]
Downscaling Improving the Disaggregation of Soil Map Units Using the DSMART Method: Integrating Tree-Based Models and New Soil Profile Data [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1609-1629]
Drainage Evaluation of drainage systems performance using digital soil salinity mapping [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 753-770]
Drainage water quality Assessment of Agricultural Drainage Water Quality for Irrigation Reuse Using Hydrochemical Indices (Case Study: Bavi County, Khuzestan) [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1949-1966]
Drainage Water Reuse Introducing a Comprehensive Profitability Index to Unlock the Value of Drainage Water Recycling system in Khuzestan Province [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1839-1859]
Dredging Enhancement and Optimization of Zayandehrud River Channel Geometry Using Hydraulic Modeling and Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2593-2612]
Drought stress Evaluation of Economic Water Productivity in Quinoa Cultivation Using Saline Water and Deficit Irrigation in a Tape Drip Irrigation System in Fars Province [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2751-2766]
DSMART Improving the Disaggregation of Soil Map Units Using the DSMART Method: Integrating Tree-Based Models and New Soil Profile Data [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1609-1629]
Dust Storm Identification and Analysis of Wind Erosion and Dust Emission Hotspots in Bushehr Province, Iran [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2483-2502]

E

Ecohydraulic Comparative evaluation of different methods for estimating environmental flow in the Zayandehroud River with emphasis on the Physical Habitat Simulation Model (PHABSIM) [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2033-2056]
Ecological risk assessment Ecological and Environmental Risk Assessment of Cadmium Heavy Metal in Soil (Case Study: Shahr-e-Ray, Tehran Province) [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1401-1420]
Ecological risks Assessment of the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soil and Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) under Irrigation with Industrial Wastewater and Application of Sewage Sludge [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3331-3350]
Efficiency Hydraulic Analysis of Pivot Side Weirs with Sill [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 229-246]
Efficiency Comparison of the efficiency of the single and double-slope solar stills in dry regions (Case study: Zabul city) [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 649-663]
Electrical conductivity Estimation of saturated soil paste electrical conductivity, soluble cations and anions from different ratios of soil to water (1:1, 1:2.5, and 1:5) in non‐gypsiferous soils with various textures [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 247-263]
Electrical conductivity Investigation of maize root response to different ionic composition using macroscopic reduction functions [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 685-700]
Electrical conductivity Effect of land use change on some physical and chemical properties of soils in the northern half of Fars province [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1161-1174]
Elemental balance method Principles for Setting Threshold Limits of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Municipal Solid Waste Compost: A Comprehensive Review [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2375-2392]
Elevation Biogeochemical Responses of Soil Organic Carbon and Enzymatic Activity to Elevation and Depth: Comparing Fixed Depth and Equivalent Soil Mass Approaches [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2767-2790]
ELM model Comparison of Box-Jenkins Models with Machine Learning Algorithms for streamflow yield modeling (Case study: Taleghan watershed) [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3009-3026]
Emerging contaminants Investigate the environmental and human impacts and challenges of emerging PFAS contaminants and solutions for managing and remediating them in a sustainable manner [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2301-2336]
Endophyte Investigating the effects of some selected organic, inorganic materials and plant growth promoting bacteria in modifying the physical and chemical properties of a sandy Entisol [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 55-74]
Environmental hazards Assessment of the Impact of Water Governance System Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards (A Case Study of the Karun-e Bozorg Basin in Khuzestan Province) [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2199-2223]
Environmental indices Ecological and Environmental Risk Assessment of Cadmium Heavy Metal in Soil (Case Study: Shahr-e-Ray, Tehran Province) [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1401-1420]
Environmental Stress The Effect of Drought Stress and Organic Fertilizer Application on Yield and Yield Components of Onion (Case Study: Isfahan Province) [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1085-1101]
Environmental variables Digital mapping of surface soil salinity in the central part of Khuzestan Province using supervised image classification algorithms [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1737-1759]
Enzyme activity Biogeochemical Responses of Soil Organic Carbon and Enzymatic Activity to Elevation and Depth: Comparing Fixed Depth and Equivalent Soil Mass Approaches [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2767-2790]
Enzyme activity Evaluation of the efficiency of liquid organic fertilizers enriched with different iron sources on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and post-harvest soil enzymatic activity [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3489-3508]
Equitable Water Distribution Multidimensional Analysis of the Social Performance of a Segment of the Sefidroud Irrigation Scheme in Guilan Province [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1647-1662]
Equivalent calcium carbonate Comparison of calcium and sodium in the release and re-fixation of potassium in various soils with distinct physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics in southern Iran [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1631-1646]
Erosion intensity Assessment of the Effects of Water Erosion on Changes in Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties in the Monzelab Watershed, Zahedan County [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1781-1798]
Erosion modelling The challenges of measuring and estimating the soil erodibility factor (K) of the (R)USLE model in rangelands of arid regions [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 351-371]
Eslamabad-e-Gharb A Novel Method for Predicting Future Changes in Groundwater Level Using K-means and Random Forest Algorithms with CMIP6 Climate Data in the Eslamabad West Plain [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1495-1518]
Essential oil Investigating the effect of humic acid and amino acids on the quantitative and qualitative yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2565-2591]
Eutrophication A Review of Eutrophication Management Methods: Strategies to Control Algal Blooms and Invasive Aquatic Plants [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3475-3488]
Evaluation Evaluation of drainage systems performance using digital soil salinity mapping [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 753-770]
Evaluation indicators A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Anzali Wetland Using AHP-Entropy-CRITIC Combined Weighting Method and TOPSIS-GRA Model [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-126]
Evaporation Projected Changes in Wind and Evaporation Patterns of the Caspian Sea under Different Climate Change Scenarios [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3455-3474]
Evaportanspiration Products Climatic Assessment of FAO WaPOR Reference Evapotranspiration Product [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2825-2844]
Experimental study Investigating the Effect of Channel Bend Radius on Flow Characteristics in Inclined Bed Channels [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 445-462]
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) The Impact of Climate Change on Soil Health: Analyzing Microbiome Response to Warming Using Machine Learning Models [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2809-2823]
Extractable Al and Fe The interaction of different components of organic carbon with varying forms of iron and aluminum in soils with andic properties treated with humic acid [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 899-917]

F

Fars province Groundwater withdrawal management measures using a finite difference mathematical model: A case study of Marvdasht aquifer in Fars province [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1265-1288]
FDSD A comparison of the ELM algorithm and XBeach model in developing a hybrid XBeach-ELM method for dust storm prediction (Case study: Lorestan Province) [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1201-1218]
Fe-DTPA Evaluation of the efficiency of liquid organic fertilizers enriched with different iron sources on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and post-harvest soil enzymatic activity [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3489-3508]
Fe-EDTA Evaluation of the efficiency of liquid organic fertilizers enriched with different iron sources on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and post-harvest soil enzymatic activity [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3489-3508]
Fertilizer Management Estimating nitrate leaching rate using SSM model in wheat agroecosystems [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 2989-3007]
Finite Difference Method Groundwater withdrawal management measures using a finite difference mathematical model: A case study of Marvdasht aquifer in Fars province [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1265-1288]
Firefly Algorithm Application of soft computing in simulating rainfed wheat yield using integration of climatic data and remote sensing indices [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2225-2244]
Flood An Investigation of DEM Resolution Influence on Flood Inundation (Case study: Karun River) [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 965-982]
FLOW-3D numerical model Numerical Modeling of the Effect of Orifices in Stepped Spillways on Flow Energy Dissipation Using the FLOW-3D Model [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 589-606]
Flow energy dissipation Numerical Modeling of the Effect of Orifices in Stepped Spillways on Flow Energy Dissipation Using the FLOW-3D Model [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 589-606]
Flow pattern Investigating the Effect of Channel Bend Radius on Flow Characteristics in Inclined Bed Channels [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 445-462]
Flow pressure Investigation of Flow Parameters in a Chute Spillway Using FLOW-3D Software [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 411-431]
Flow velocity Investigation of Flow Parameters in a Chute Spillway Using FLOW-3D Software [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 411-431]
Foliar Application Effect of organic fertilizer foliar application on grain yield, nutrient content, and water productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 389-410]
Food security Application of soft computing in simulating rainfed wheat yield using integration of climatic data and remote sensing indices [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2225-2244]
Food security Investigate the environmental and human impacts and challenges of emerging PFAS contaminants and solutions for managing and remediating them in a sustainable manner [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2301-2336]
Forest Study the effect of meteorological variables variation on phenology of temperate forest in Gorgan region using MODIS sensor [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 881-897]
Forest Variations in Soil Organic Carbon Across Different Depths and Land Uses and Their Impact on Selected Physical and Chemical Soil Properties [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2013-2032]
Froude number Modeling of Type B hydraulic jump characteristics and comparative analysis focusing on sequent depth ratio, energy loss, and effect of sill installation under laboratory conditions [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 2951-2967]
Fulvic acid Studying the effect of nutrition management on yield and nutrient absorption and increasing cold resistance of Mihan wheat cultivar in cold climate (Case study: Lorestan Province, Azna County) [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1309-1322]

G

Gaussian process regression Evaluation of GPR-PSO and KNN-PSO data-mining models for prediction of suspended sediment concentration distribution [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 701-714]
GB Evaluation the efficiency of machine learning boosting methods for estimating the water quality index of the Zayandeh Rood River [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1355-1378]
Genetic Algorithm (GA) Intelligent Calibration of the Transient Storage Model by Integrating Genetic Algorithm and Finite Difference Method for Solute Transport Simulation [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3157-3179]
Global warming Analyzing the Impacts of Climate Change on Vegetation Dynamics and Agricultural Drought Intensity in the Karun River Basin Using Remote Sensing-Based Vegetation Indices [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3415-3434]
Goodness-of-fit criteria A comparison of the ELM algorithm and XBeach model in developing a hybrid XBeach-ELM method for dust storm prediction (Case study: Lorestan Province) [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1201-1218]
Google Earth Engine Mapping of soil erosion risk and sediment yield using WaTEM/SEDEM in Hajighoshan watershed of Golestan province [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2691-2709]
Google Earth Engine (GEE) Random Forest Algorithm Training and Test for Monitoring Soil Salinity Changes in Pistachio Orchards [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1931-1947]
GRACE satellite Assessment and Validation of GRACE Satellite Data with Groundwater Resources Index (GRI) at Qazvin Aquifer Plain [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1103-1117]
Grain protein Investigating the effect of biochar and humic acid application on nutrient content and grain yield of chickpea [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 807-823]
Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm Simulation of monthly river flow using improved support vector machine regression model using gray wolf optimization algorithm [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 151-170]
GRI Assessment and Validation of GRACE Satellite Data with Groundwater Resources Index (GRI) at Qazvin Aquifer Plain [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1103-1117]
Groundwater Spatiotemporal Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Hamedan-Bahar Plain Using GIS and Hierarchical Clustering [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2673-2690]
Groundwater level Assessment and Validation of GRACE Satellite Data with Groundwater Resources Index (GRI) at Qazvin Aquifer Plain [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1103-1117]
Groundwater level A Novel Method for Predicting Future Changes in Groundwater Level Using K-means and Random Forest Algorithms with CMIP6 Climate Data in the Eslamabad West Plain [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1495-1518]
Groundwater Modeling Groundwater withdrawal management measures using a finite difference mathematical model: A case study of Marvdasht aquifer in Fars province [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1265-1288]
Growth Influence of nickel and zinc on growth, metal accumulation, and uptake and transport of iron in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1147-1160]
GWL prediction Modeling and Identification of Key Factors Affecting Groundwater Level in the Ravansar-Sanjabi Plain Using CMIP6 Climate Data [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2079-2117]

H

Habitat Suitability Comparative evaluation of different methods for estimating environmental flow in the Zayandehroud River with emphasis on the Physical Habitat Simulation Model (PHABSIM) [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2033-2056]
Halocnemum strobilaceum Predicting Soil Organic Carbon as Affected by Climate Change Scenarios in the Natural Habitat of Halocnemum strobilaceum [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1437-1457]
Halophytes The effect of irrigation water salinity on biomass and some morpho-physiological characteristics of two-year-old seedlings Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L) [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3375-3391]
Hamedan-Bahar plain Spatiotemporal Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Hamedan-Bahar Plain Using GIS and Hierarchical Clustering [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2673-2690]
Hamoun Wetland Spatio-temporal analysis and future prediction of land use changes using multitemporal remotely sensed data and GIS techniques in Hirmand River Basin [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 785-805]
Heavy metal mobility Assessment of the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soil and Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) under Irrigation with Industrial Wastewater and Application of Sewage Sludge [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3331-3350]
Heavy metals Effects of rice straw and sewage sludge-derived hydrochars on some agronomic traits and leaf chlorophyll index of rice in a sandy loam soil contaminated with lead (Pb) [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 17-42]
Heavy metals Monitoring the quality of municipal solid waste compost produced in Iran [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 293-307]
Heavy metals Investigation of the effects of leonardite-derived humic substances on nickel desorption kinetics and chemical forms in a calcareous nickel-contaminated soil [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1555-1569]
Heavy metals Effect of Biochar Particle Size and Chemical Activation on the Bioavailability of Some Heavy Metals in Co-Compost of Municipal Solid Waste [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1967-1986]
Heavy metals Investigation of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic) status in Iranian agricultural products and a critique of published studies – a review study [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2337-2374]
Heavy metals Principles for Setting Threshold Limits of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Municipal Solid Waste Compost: A Comprehensive Review [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2375-2392]
HEC-RAS An Investigation of DEM Resolution Influence on Flood Inundation (Case study: Karun River) [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 965-982]
HEC-RAS Enhancement and Optimization of Zayandehrud River Channel Geometry Using Hydraulic Modeling and Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2593-2612]
HF The interaction of different components of organic carbon with varying forms of iron and aluminum in soils with andic properties treated with humic acid [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 899-917]
Hirmand River basin Spatio-temporal analysis and future prediction of land use changes using multitemporal remotely sensed data and GIS techniques in Hirmand River Basin [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 785-805]
Horizontal visibility A comparison of the ELM algorithm and XBeach model in developing a hybrid XBeach-ELM method for dust storm prediction (Case study: Lorestan Province) [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1201-1218]
Horizontal visibility Comparative Analysis of Dust Storm Frequency Modeling Using the XGBoost Machine Learning Model and the Element-Free Galerkin Method (Case study: Ilam Province) [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1421-1436]
Hot-water dissolved organic carbon Impacts of Low and High-Density Polyethylene Microplastics and Their Biodegradation on Soil Organic Carbon Pools [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3315-3329]
Humic Acid The effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi, humic acid and phosphorus sources on growth and phosphorus uptake of tomato plant [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 433-444]
Humic Acid Investigating the effect of biochar and humic acid application on nutrient content and grain yield of chickpea [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 807-823]
Humic Acid The interaction of different components of organic carbon with varying forms of iron and aluminum in soils with andic properties treated with humic acid [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 899-917]
Humic Acid Studying the effect of nutrition management on yield and nutrient absorption and increasing cold resistance of Mihan wheat cultivar in cold climate (Case study: Lorestan Province, Azna County) [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1309-1322]
Humic and fulvic acids Investigation of the effects of leonardite-derived humic substances on nickel desorption kinetics and chemical forms in a calcareous nickel-contaminated soil [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1555-1569]
Hybrid algorithm Projection of Urban Water Demand Considering Climate Change Conditions Using a Machine Learning Approach (Case Study: Borujerd City, Iran) [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2907-2928]
Hybrid Model Combining Outlier Robust Extreme Learning Machine (ORELM) with seasonal autoregressive moving average linear model (SARIMA) to improve the accuracy of runoff modeling [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 331-349]
Hydraulic Simulation Enhancement and Optimization of Zayandehrud River Channel Geometry Using Hydraulic Modeling and Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2593-2612]
Hydrochar The effect of hydrochar particle size on the physical and hydraulic properties of sandy loam soil [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 935-948]
Hydrochemical Indices Assessment of Agricultural Drainage Water Quality for Irrigation Reuse Using Hydrochemical Indices (Case Study: Bavi County, Khuzestan) [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1949-1966]
Hydrologic Model Simulation of Rainfall-Runoff in Tajan Basin under Different Scenarios of Climate Change [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 187-205]
Hydrothermal carbonization Effects of rice straw and sewage sludge-derived hydrochars on some agronomic traits and leaf chlorophyll index of rice in a sandy loam soil contaminated with lead (Pb) [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 17-42]
Hyperspectral imaging Estimation of Potassium Oxide Content in Potash Fertilizer Using Hyperspectral Image Processing and Machine Learning Methods [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1539-1554]

I

Increased discharge Numerical Modeling of the Effect of Orifices in Stepped Spillways on Flow Energy Dissipation Using the FLOW-3D Model [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 589-606]
Increasing wheat production Comparison of yield and yield components of Sirvan wheat cultivar in amended and un-amended sandy soils under greenhouse conditions [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 949-964]
Integrated soil fertility management Effects of rice straw and sewage sludge-derived hydrochars on some agronomic traits and leaf chlorophyll index of rice in a sandy loam soil contaminated with lead (Pb) [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 17-42]
Interferometric synthetic radar Identification of high-risk areas and ground fissures caused by land subsidence using the estimation of horizontal displacement components and subsidence gradient maps, case study: Kashan plain subsidence [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 771-784]
Invasive Plants A Review of Eutrophication Management Methods: Strategies to Control Algal Blooms and Invasive Aquatic Plants [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3475-3488]
Invertase The effect of activated biochar and hydrochar produced from the algae Chlorella vulgaris on the biological and enzymatic properties of the soil [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2613-2637]
Irrigation management Multidimensional Analysis of the Social Performance of a Segment of the Sefidroud Irrigation Scheme in Guilan Province [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1647-1662]
Irrigation management Evaluation of Water Stress Indicators in Spinach Plants under Greenhouse Conditions [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2163-2177]
Irrigation Method Comparison of watermelon water consumption estimated from the NIAZAB system with field applied water amounts [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1799-1819]
IRWQI Evaluation of water quality changes in Aras border river downstream and upstream of Khodaafrin Dam using water quality indicators [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 503-518]
IRWQIsc Environmental Impact Assessment of the Agarak Mine on the Water Quality of the Aras River: Validation of Physicochemical Results Using Biological Indices [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 309-330]

M

Machine learning Evaluation of Random Forest model to calculate potential Evapotranspiration using limited meteorological data (study area: Ardabil Plain) [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 545-569]
Machine learning Improving Precipitation Accuracy: A Rescaling Method for PERSIANN Using NDVI, LST, and DEM Data [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 735-751]
Machine learning A Novel Approach for Manning’s Roughness Coefficient Estimation in Furrow Irrigation Phases Using Image Processing and Machine Learning [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1011-1039]
Machine learning A comparison of the ELM algorithm and XBeach model in developing a hybrid XBeach-ELM method for dust storm prediction (Case study: Lorestan Province) [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1201-1218]
Machine learning Estimation of Potassium Oxide Content in Potash Fertilizer Using Hyperspectral Image Processing and Machine Learning Methods [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1539-1554]
Machine learning Improving the Disaggregation of Soil Map Units Using the DSMART Method: Integrating Tree-Based Models and New Soil Profile Data [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1609-1629]
Machine learning Modeling vegetation changes in Zagros forests based on machine learning algorithms and satellite images [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2057-2077]
Machine learning Kernel-driven prediction of discharge coefficient in semi-circular side weirs: a comparative machine learning perspective [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2735-2750]
Machine learning The Impact of Climate Change on Soil Health: Analyzing Microbiome Response to Warming Using Machine Learning Models [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2809-2823]
Machine learning Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning and Traditional Statistical Approaches in Bias Correction of CMIP6 Precipitation Data [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3087-3106]
Machine learning models Evaluation the efficiency of machine learning boosting methods for estimating the water quality index of the Zayandeh Rood River [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1355-1378]
Magnesium The effect of seed priming with growth regulators and foliar spraying of zinc and magnesium nanoparticles on the growth and performance of the medicinal plant (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.DON) under drought stress conditions [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 995-1010]
Management Scenarios Simulating soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in various managements through CENTURY model at Saral area in West Iran [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1059-1083]
Man-Kendall test Spatiotemporal Trend Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Western Half of Iran during 1996–2023 [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 2969-2987]
Manning roughness coefficient A Novel Approach for Manning’s Roughness Coefficient Estimation in Furrow Irrigation Phases Using Image Processing and Machine Learning [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1011-1039]
Mapping of Soil properties Delineation of soil fertility management zones in paddy fields using geostatistical and fuzzy clustering methods [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1761-1779]
Marun-Jarrahi Basin Crop Classification and Acreage Estimation at Basin Scale Using Different Machine Learning Approaches [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3129-3156]
Marvdasht aquifer Groundwater withdrawal management measures using a finite difference mathematical model: A case study of Marvdasht aquifer in Fars province [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1265-1288]
Mathematical Programming The structural program of cultivation system of selected crops of Tajen Basin based on the sustainability of water resources [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 463-481]
Matric suction Investigating the Simultaneous Effects of Salinity, Moisture, and Soil Texture on Heat Transfer Dynamics in an Unsaturated Porous Medium [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3181-3195]
Mazandaran The structural program of cultivation system of selected crops of Tajen Basin based on the sustainability of water resources [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 463-481]
Mean weighted diameter Effect of land use change on some physical and chemical properties of soils in the northern half of Fars province [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1161-1174]
Medicinal plant Investigating the effect of humic acid and amino acids on the quantitative and qualitative yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2565-2591]
Meighan desert Climate-Scenario Impacts on Soil CO₂ Emissions across Four Afforestation Types and Their Understories in Meighan Desert [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3393-3414]
Meighan Kavir Predicting Soil Organic Carbon as Affected by Climate Change Scenarios in the Natural Habitat of Halocnemum strobilaceum [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1437-1457]
Mesh-free local Petrov-Galerkin method Management of Saltwater Intrusion in Sloping Coastal Aquifers Using the Meshless Local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) Numerical Method [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3197-3215]
Meta-heuristic algorithms Kernel-driven prediction of discharge coefficient in semi-circular side weirs: a comparative machine learning perspective [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2735-2750]
Metal release kinetics Investigation of the effects of leonardite-derived humic substances on nickel desorption kinetics and chemical forms in a calcareous nickel-contaminated soil [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1555-1569]
Metal salt-modified biochars Effects of modified biochars on some biological and chemical properties of calcareous soil [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 373-388]
Microbial activity Effects of modified biochars on some biological and chemical properties of calcareous soil [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 373-388]
Microbial biomass The effect of high-density polyethylene microplastic and cow manure biochar on carbon, nitrogen and some biological properties of soil [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1289-1307]
Minimum dataset Quantitative Assessment of Soil Quality Under Rangeland Management Systems in Zanjan Province [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3061-3086]
MLP Combining Outlier Robust Extreme Learning Machine (ORELM) with seasonal autoregressive moving average linear model (SARIMA) to improve the accuracy of runoff modeling [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 331-349]
Moghan Plain Evaluation of seasonal performance of irrigation systems and plants with ARIS index [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 75-90]
Moisture retention curve Investigating the Simultaneous Effects of Salinity, Moisture, and Soil Texture on Heat Transfer Dynamics in an Unsaturated Porous Medium [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3181-3195]
Mollisols Simulating soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in various managements through CENTURY model at Saral area in West Iran [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1059-1083]
Monte-Carlo simulation The effectiveness of Monte Carlo-based neural network in analyzing the performance of pumping wells [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1239-1264]
Monthly river flow Simulation of monthly river flow using improved support vector machine regression model using gray wolf optimization algorithm [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 151-170]
Monthly Runoff Combining Outlier Robust Extreme Learning Machine (ORELM) with seasonal autoregressive moving average linear model (SARIMA) to improve the accuracy of runoff modeling [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 331-349]
Mountain Forest Biogeochemical Responses of Soil Organic Carbon and Enzymatic Activity to Elevation and Depth: Comparing Fixed Depth and Equivalent Soil Mass Approaches [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2767-2790]
Multiphase soil environment Investigating the Simultaneous Effects of Salinity, Moisture, and Soil Texture on Heat Transfer Dynamics in an Unsaturated Porous Medium [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3181-3195]
Multiple Linear Regression Evaluation of Random Forest model to calculate potential Evapotranspiration using limited meteorological data (study area: Ardabil Plain) [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 545-569]
Multi-source data Application of the Combination of Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Approaches in Predicting Hydrological Parameters: A Bibliometric Analysis [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 825-850]
Multivariate analysis Assessment of Soil Physical Quality in Different Management Systems of Rangelands in Zanjan Province [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1715-1735]
Multivariate analysis Quantitative Assessment of Soil Quality Under Rangeland Management Systems in Zanjan Province [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3061-3086]
Municipal compost Principles for Setting Threshold Limits of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Municipal Solid Waste Compost: A Comprehensive Review [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2375-2392]
Municipal solid waste Effect of Biochar Particle Size and Chemical Activation on the Bioavailability of Some Heavy Metals in Co-Compost of Municipal Solid Waste [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1967-1986]
Mycorrhiza The effect of inoculation with native mycorrhizal fungi of Khuzestan and the application of phosphorus fertilizer on soil phosphatase enzyme activity and the concentration of some elements in Zea mays. [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1593-1608]

N

Nano Fertilizers Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Copper, Iron, and Manganese Borates Using a Chemical Coprecipitation Method and the Release Kinetics of These Elements in Water and Soil [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1479-1493]
Nanoparticle Investigating the efficiency of hydrochar nanocomposite in removing cadmium from aqueous solution using response surface [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 483-501]
NaOCl The interaction of different components of organic carbon with varying forms of iron and aluminum in soils with andic properties treated with humic acid [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 899-917]
NDVI Index Analyzing the Impacts of Climate Change on Vegetation Dynamics and Agricultural Drought Intensity in the Karun River Basin Using Remote Sensing-Based Vegetation Indices [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3415-3434]
NIAZAB system Comparison of watermelon water consumption estimated from the NIAZAB system with field applied water amounts [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1799-1819]
Nickel oxide nanoparticles Remediation of Water Contaminated by Reactive Textile Dyes by Adsorption Using Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2449-2465]
Nitrate Spatiotemporal Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Hamedan-Bahar Plain Using GIS and Hierarchical Clustering [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2673-2690]
Nitrogen and Phosphorus A Review of Eutrophication Management Methods: Strategies to Control Algal Blooms and Invasive Aquatic Plants [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3475-3488]
Non-compliance Monitoring the quality of municipal solid waste compost produced in Iran [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 293-307]
NSFWQI Environmental Impact Assessment of the Agarak Mine on the Water Quality of the Aras River: Validation of Physicochemical Results Using Biological Indices [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 309-330]
NSFWQI and CCME Evaluation of water quality changes in Aras border river downstream and upstream of Khodaafrin Dam using water quality indicators [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 503-518]
Numerical Modeling A comparison of the ELM algorithm and XBeach model in developing a hybrid XBeach-ELM method for dust storm prediction (Case study: Lorestan Province) [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1201-1218]
Numerical Modeling Intelligent Calibration of the Transient Storage Model by Integrating Genetic Algorithm and Finite Difference Method for Solute Transport Simulation [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3157-3179]
Numerical Models Comparative Analysis of Dust Storm Frequency Modeling Using the XGBoost Machine Learning Model and the Element-Free Galerkin Method (Case study: Ilam Province) [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1421-1436]

O

Object-Oriented Analysis Digital mapping of surface soil salinity in the central part of Khuzestan Province using supervised image classification algorithms [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1737-1759]
Ocimum basilicum Influence of nickel and zinc on growth, metal accumulation, and uptake and transport of iron in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1147-1160]
Octacalcium phosphate Evaluation of the effects of subsurface drip and furrow irrigation on the soil mineral phosphorus fractions in sugarcane cultivation [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2887-2905]
Optimum cross-section index (OCI) Enhancement and Optimization of Zayandehrud River Channel Geometry Using Hydraulic Modeling and Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2593-2612]
ORELM Combining Outlier Robust Extreme Learning Machine (ORELM) with seasonal autoregressive moving average linear model (SARIMA) to improve the accuracy of runoff modeling [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 331-349]
Organic carbon Monitoring the quality of municipal solid waste compost produced in Iran [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 293-307]
Organic carbon Variations in Soil Organic Carbon Across Different Depths and Land Uses and Their Impact on Selected Physical and Chemical Soil Properties [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2013-2032]
Organic carbon Response of Soil Microbial Diversity to Physical and Chemical Changes Caused by Water Erosion: A Case Study of Cheheltan Forest Site, Bam County [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3027-3046]
Organic compound Effect of organic fertilizer foliar application on grain yield, nutrient content, and water productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 389-410]
Organo-mineral complexes The interaction of different components of organic carbon with varying forms of iron and aluminum in soils with andic properties treated with humic acid [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 899-917]

P

Paddy field Variations in Soil Organic Carbon Across Different Depths and Land Uses and Their Impact on Selected Physical and Chemical Soil Properties [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2013-2032]
Paddy field Assessment of the Impact of Land Use Change on Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties: A Case Study in the Loshan Region, Guilan Province [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2179-2197]
Paddy soil Effects of rice straw and sewage sludge-derived hydrochars on some agronomic traits and leaf chlorophyll index of rice in a sandy loam soil contaminated with lead (Pb) [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 17-42]
Paddy soil The effect of biochar application along with potassium fertilizer on soil K status, rice yield and yield components in two K-depleted paddy soils [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2541-2564]
Parameter Calibration Intelligent Calibration of the Transient Storage Model by Integrating Genetic Algorithm and Finite Difference Method for Solute Transport Simulation [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3157-3179]
Parent material Soil Evolution as affected by variation of soil forming factors using magnetic susceptibility technique along Bardsir-Khaneh Sorkh transect [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1323-1337]
Particle detachment rate Rill erosion scaling in a sandy loam soil under field simulation [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 91-104]
Particle size The effect of hydrochar particle size on the physical and hydraulic properties of sandy loam soil [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 935-948]
Particle size Investigating the Simultaneous Effects of Salinity, Moisture, and Soil Texture on Heat Transfer Dynamics in an Unsaturated Porous Medium [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3181-3195]
Particle size distribution Prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivity with pedotransfer functions for Sistan Plain soils [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2411-2427]
Penman-Monteith Equaition Climatic Assessment of FAO WaPOR Reference Evapotranspiration Product [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2825-2844]
Penman-Monteith FAO 56 Spatiotemporal Trend Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Western Half of Iran during 1996–2023 [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 2969-2987]
Perfluoroalkyl Investigate the environmental and human impacts and challenges of emerging PFAS contaminants and solutions for managing and remediating them in a sustainable manner [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2301-2336]
Performance Assessment Assessment of Machine Learning Algorithms for Discharge Coefficient Prediction in Labyrinth-glory weirs: A Risk Analysis Approach [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 865-880]
Periodic pattern Comparison of Monte Carlo Method and SARIMA Time Series Models in Forecasting Jamishan River Flow [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2267-2284]
PERSIANN-CDR Improving Precipitation Accuracy: A Rescaling Method for PERSIANN Using NDVI, LST, and DEM Data [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 735-751]
PGPR The role of cadmium-resistant bacteria and modifiers in improving rice crop quality [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1685-1714]
PHABSIM Comparative evaluation of different methods for estimating environmental flow in the Zayandehroud River with emphasis on the Physical Habitat Simulation Model (PHABSIM) [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2033-2056]
Phenology Study the effect of meteorological variables variation on phenology of temperate forest in Gorgan region using MODIS sensor [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 881-897]
Phosphate Phosphate sorption and leaching in a sandy loam soil amended with biochars: Evidence from batch and column experiments [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3047-3059]
Phosphorous Morphological traits, seed yield and seed nutrient absorption of triticale plants in the presence of nickel with application of some organic and inorganic soil amendments [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2467-2482]
Phosphorus The effect of inoculation with native mycorrhizal fungi of Khuzestan and the application of phosphorus fertilizer on soil phosphatase enzyme activity and the concentration of some elements in Zea mays. [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1593-1608]
Phosphorus fractions Evaluation of the effects of subsurface drip and furrow irrigation on the soil mineral phosphorus fractions in sugarcane cultivation [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2887-2905]
Phosphorus release The effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi, humic acid and phosphorus sources on growth and phosphorus uptake of tomato plant [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 433-444]
Phosphorus uptake efficiency Evaluation the effect of root morphological characteristics on phosphorus uptake in rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 715-734]
Physical properties Aggregate stability and organic carbon distribution in two land uses of pasture and olive orchard: a case study, Rostamabad, Iran [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1663-1683]
Physical properties Effects of land use on some soil properties in olive orchard [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2845-2864]
Pistachio Evaluation of drainage systems performance using digital soil salinity mapping [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 753-770]
Pivot Weirs Hydraulic Analysis of Pivot Side Weirs with Sill [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 229-246]
Pixel-Based Method Digital mapping of surface soil salinity in the central part of Khuzestan Province using supervised image classification algorithms [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1737-1759]
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Investigation of actinomycetes inoculation on phosphorus dissolution and the effect of two selected isolates on the growth and nutritional indices of barley plant [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3107-3128]
Plant residues The effect of tillage systems and residue management on the optimal use of phosphorus in safflower cultivation under saline conditions [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 631-648]
Plot length The challenges of measuring and estimating the soil erodibility factor (K) of the (R)USLE model in rangelands of arid regions [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 351-371]
PM10 Comparing machine learning algorithms for estimating PM10 particle concentration using AOD and selected meteorological parameters [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 127-150]
Poldokhtar watershed Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning and Traditional Statistical Approaches in Bias Correction of CMIP6 Precipitation Data [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3087-3106]
Porosity Prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivity with pedotransfer functions for Sistan Plain soils [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2411-2427]
Potassium Silicate Studying the effect of nutrition management on yield and nutrient absorption and increasing cold resistance of Mihan wheat cultivar in cold climate (Case study: Lorestan Province, Azna County) [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1309-1322]
Potential evapotranspiration Sensitivity Analysis of Several Potential Evapotranspiration Equations to Climatic Variables in the Basetime and Future Periods Using the Sobol Method [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3293-3313]
Power Law Equation Rill erosion scaling in a sandy loam soil under field simulation [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 91-104]
Precipitation Improving Precipitation Accuracy: A Rescaling Method for PERSIANN Using NDVI, LST, and DEM Data [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 735-751]
Precipitation Study the effect of meteorological variables variation on phenology of temperate forest in Gorgan region using MODIS sensor [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 881-897]
Precision instrumentation Comparison Sentinel-2 with Landsat 8/9 to Detect Water Stress in Sugarcane Fields [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1219-1238]
Prediction A review of some studies, methods and estimates of soil erosion and sediment yield in Iran [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1119-1145]
Prediction Optimizing Water Productivity in the Face of Climate Change: The Central Role of Machine Learning Approaches [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 2929-2949]
Priming The effect of priming application of zinc aminochelate and ZnSO4 fertilizer on the chemical forms of zinc in the soil solution phase and its correlation with zinc concentration in sunflower [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1379-1399]
Principal component analysis Assessment of Soil Physical Quality in Different Management Systems of Rangelands in Zanjan Province [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1715-1735]
Principal component analysis Digital mapping of surface soil salinity in the central part of Khuzestan Province using supervised image classification algorithms [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1737-1759]
Product safety Investigation of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic) status in Iranian agricultural products and a critique of published studies – a review study [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2337-2374]
Pumping system The effectiveness of Monte Carlo-based neural network in analyzing the performance of pumping wells [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1239-1264]
PyET Sensitivity Analysis of Several Potential Evapotranspiration Equations to Climatic Variables in the Basetime and Future Periods Using the Sobol Method [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3293-3313]

R

Rainfed products Application of soft computing in simulating rainfed wheat yield using integration of climatic data and remote sensing indices [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2225-2244]
Random forest Evaluation of Random Forest model to calculate potential Evapotranspiration using limited meteorological data (study area: Ardabil Plain) [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 545-569]
Random forest Application of machine learning algorithms in groundwater level prediction in the Ardabil aquifer [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1041-1057]
Random forest A Novel Method for Predicting Future Changes in Groundwater Level Using K-means and Random Forest Algorithms with CMIP6 Climate Data in the Eslamabad West Plain [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1495-1518]
Random forest Projection of Urban Water Demand Considering Climate Change Conditions Using a Machine Learning Approach (Case Study: Borujerd City, Iran) [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2907-2928]
Random forest Crop Classification and Acreage Estimation at Basin Scale Using Different Machine Learning Approaches [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3129-3156]
Range improvement The effect of irrigation water salinity on biomass and some morpho-physiological characteristics of two-year-old seedlings Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L) [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3375-3391]
RCP 2.6 Simulation of Rainfall-Runoff in Tajan Basin under Different Scenarios of Climate Change [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 187-205]
RCP 8.5 Simulation of Rainfall-Runoff in Tajan Basin under Different Scenarios of Climate Change [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 187-205]
Reference Evapotranspiration Evaluation of Random Forest model to calculate potential Evapotranspiration using limited meteorological data (study area: Ardabil Plain) [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 545-569]
Regional modeling Development of Regional Models for Predicting Water Soil Erosion Using Sediment Gauging Data and Advanced Statistical Methods (Case Study: Urmia Lake Watershed) [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3435-3454]
Relative leaf water content Evaluation of the potential of chitosan and nanochitosan on improving the growth and yield of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under salt stress conditions [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1519-1538]
Reliability Index The effectiveness of Monte Carlo-based neural network in analyzing the performance of pumping wells [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1239-1264]
Remazol Black B dye Remediation of Water Contaminated by Reactive Textile Dyes by Adsorption Using Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2449-2465]
Reptile Search Algorithm Application of soft computing in simulating rainfed wheat yield using integration of climatic data and remote sensing indices [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2225-2244]
Research Trends Application of the Combination of Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Approaches in Predicting Hydrological Parameters: A Bibliometric Analysis [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 825-850]
Reservoir Monitoring dynamic changes in water quality parameters of dam reservoirs using remote sensing [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2711-2734]
Response surface Investigating the efficiency of hydrochar nanocomposite in removing cadmium from aqueous solution using response surface [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 483-501]
Rhizosheath Investigating the effects of some selected organic, inorganic materials and plant growth promoting bacteria in modifying the physical and chemical properties of a sandy Entisol [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 55-74]
Rhizosheath Enhancing Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat through Phosphorus and Zinc Management [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3351-3373]
Rice and Roots Evaluation the effect of root morphological characteristics on phosphorus uptake in rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 715-734]
Rill length Rill erosion scaling in a sandy loam soil under field simulation [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 91-104]
River Centerline Automated Extraction of River Centerline and Evaluation of Meander Changes Using Spectral Indices and Machine Learning [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3255-3273]
River Management Comparative evaluation of different methods for estimating environmental flow in the Zayandehroud River with emphasis on the Physical Habitat Simulation Model (PHABSIM) [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2033-2056]
River Sediments Experimental Study and evaluation of kinetic models of cadmium desorption from bed sediment load in a circular Flume [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2393-2410]
Root yield Investigating the effect of humic acid and amino acids on the quantitative and qualitative yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2565-2591]
Root zone irrigation The effect of conservation tillage on soil biological and enzymatic activities and physiological characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1571-1592]
Rothamsted model (RothC) Climate-Scenario Impacts on Soil CO₂ Emissions across Four Afforestation Types and Their Understories in Meighan Desert [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3393-3414]
RothC model Predicting Soil Organic Carbon as Affected by Climate Change Scenarios in the Natural Habitat of Halocnemum strobilaceum [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1437-1457]
Runoff Simulation of Rainfall-Runoff in Tajan Basin under Different Scenarios of Climate Change [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 187-205]
RUSLE Mapping of soil erosion risk and sediment yield using WaTEM/SEDEM in Hajighoshan watershed of Golestan province [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2691-2709]

S

Safflower The effect of tillage systems and residue management on the optimal use of phosphorus in safflower cultivation under saline conditions [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 631-648]
Saline water Comparison of the efficiency of the single and double-slope solar stills in dry regions (Case study: Zabul city) [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 649-663]
Salinity stress Investigation of maize root response to different ionic composition using macroscopic reduction functions [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 685-700]
Salinity stress Evaluation of the potential of chitosan and nanochitosan on improving the growth and yield of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under salt stress conditions [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1519-1538]
Salinization Evaluation of the carbon sequestration of halophyte species and soil of saline habitats (Case study - Hoz Sultan lake) [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 983-994]
Salmonella Evaluating the role of plant growth-promoting bacteria in biological control of Salmonella typhimurium pathogen [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 265-280]
SALTMED model Improving Water Productivity Through Deficit Irrigation Using the SALTMED Model [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2137-2162]
Saltwater intrusion Management of Saltwater Intrusion in Sloping Coastal Aquifers Using the Meshless Local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) Numerical Method [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3197-3215]
SARIMA Combining Outlier Robust Extreme Learning Machine (ORELM) with seasonal autoregressive moving average linear model (SARIMA) to improve the accuracy of runoff modeling [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 331-349]
SARIMA Model Comparison of Box-Jenkins Models with Machine Learning Algorithms for streamflow yield modeling (Case study: Taleghan watershed) [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3009-3026]
Satellite precipitation Investigating the Effect of Climate Change on the Forecast of precipitation Based on the Best Satellite in Kermanshah Province [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1861-1878]
Saturated hydraulic conductivity The effect of hydrochar particle size on the physical and hydraulic properties of sandy loam soil [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 935-948]
Saturated Soil Paste Extract Estimation of saturated soil paste electrical conductivity, soluble cations and anions from different ratios of soil to water (1:1, 1:2.5, and 1:5) in non‐gypsiferous soils with various textures [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 247-263]
Scandinavian Islands Assessing the Influence of the Scandinavian Teleconnection Pattern on Precipitation and Relative Humidity Across Climatically Diverse Regions of Iran [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2429-2447]
Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average Comparison of Monte Carlo Method and SARIMA Time Series Models in Forecasting Jamishan River Flow [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2267-2284]
Sedimentary bed compaction Effect of clay content on local scouring downstream of a submerged horizontal jet at maximum bed compaction [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2655-2671]
Sediment concentration Rill erosion scaling in a sandy loam soil under field simulation [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 91-104]
Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) Development of Regional Models for Predicting Water Soil Erosion Using Sediment Gauging Data and Advanced Statistical Methods (Case Study: Urmia Lake Watershed) [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3435-3454]
Sediment fingerprinting The efficiency of weathering indices and geochemical elements in sub_basin spatial sediment sources fingerprinting (case study: Alvand watershed, Kermanshah province) [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 1-16]
Sediment fingerprinting Geochemical Sediment Fingerprinting Using a Multivariate Composite Model in the Baghan Watershed [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2503-2519]
Sediment sources Geochemical Sediment Fingerprinting Using a Multivariate Composite Model in the Baghan Watershed [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2503-2519]
Seed yield Morphological traits, seed yield and seed nutrient absorption of triticale plants in the presence of nickel with application of some organic and inorganic soil amendments [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2467-2482]
Sensitivity analysis The effectiveness of Monte Carlo-based neural network in analyzing the performance of pumping wells [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1239-1264]
Sensitivity analysis Quantitative Assessment of Climatic Drivers Affecting Reference Evapotranspiration in Ardabil Province [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2245-2265]
Sensitivity analysis Kernel-driven prediction of discharge coefficient in semi-circular side weirs: a comparative machine learning perspective [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2735-2750]
Sen’s Slope Estimator Spatiotemporal Trend Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Western Half of Iran during 1996–2023 [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 2969-2987]
Sentinel Crop Classification and Acreage Estimation at Basin Scale Using Different Machine Learning Approaches [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3129-3156]
Sentinel-2 Random Forest Algorithm Training and Test for Monitoring Soil Salinity Changes in Pistachio Orchards [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1931-1947]
Sequential extraction Investigation of the effects of leonardite-derived humic substances on nickel desorption kinetics and chemical forms in a calcareous nickel-contaminated soil [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1555-1569]
Siderophore Evaluating the role of plant growth-promoting bacteria in biological control of Salmonella typhimurium pathogen [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 265-280]
Side Weir Kernel-driven prediction of discharge coefficient in semi-circular side weirs: a comparative machine learning perspective [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2735-2750]
Side Weirs Hydraulic Analysis of Pivot Side Weirs with Sill [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 229-246]
Simulation SSM-wheat model Estimating nitrate leaching rate using SSM model in wheat agroecosystems [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 2989-3007]
Sirvan Comparison of yield and yield components of Sirvan wheat cultivar in amended and un-amended sandy soils under greenhouse conditions [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 949-964]
Sistan plain Prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivity with pedotransfer functions for Sistan Plain soils [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2411-2427]
Site-specific management Delineation of soil fertility management zones in paddy fields using geostatistical and fuzzy clustering methods [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1761-1779]
Smart Irrigation Optimizing Water Productivity in the Face of Climate Change: The Central Role of Machine Learning Approaches [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 2929-2949]
Sobol Sensitivity Analysis of Several Potential Evapotranspiration Equations to Climatic Variables in the Basetime and Future Periods Using the Sobol Method [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3293-3313]
Soil enzymes The effect of conservation tillage on soil biological and enzymatic activities and physiological characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1571-1592]
Soil erosion A review of some studies, methods and estimates of soil erosion and sediment yield in Iran [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1119-1145]
Soil fertility The effect of canopy composition of shrub species on soil quality indicators in West Mazandaran [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 519-543]
Soil fertility Investigating the possibility of improving lowـyielding sandy soils using carboxymethyl cellulose and humic acid [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 851-863]
Soil fertility Assessment of the Effects of Water Erosion on Changes in Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties in the Monzelab Watershed, Zahedan County [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1781-1798]
Soil improvement Modification of some physical and chemical properties of low productivity sandy soils using bentonite and nano-bentonite [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 171-186]
Soil loss The challenges of measuring and estimating the soil erodibility factor (K) of the (R)USLE model in rangelands of arid regions [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 351-371]
Soil loss Mapping of soil erosion risk and sediment yield using WaTEM/SEDEM in Hajighoshan watershed of Golestan province [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2691-2709]
Soil Management Assessment of Soil Physical Quality in Different Management Systems of Rangelands in Zanjan Province [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1715-1735]
Soil mechanical composition Effect of land use change on some physical and chemical properties of soils in the northern half of Fars province [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1161-1174]
Soil microbial community The Impact of Climate Change on Soil Health: Analyzing Microbiome Response to Warming Using Machine Learning Models [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2809-2823]
Soil microbial diversity Assessment of the Effects of Water Erosion on Changes in Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties in the Monzelab Watershed, Zahedan County [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1781-1798]
Soil Organic Carbon Simulating soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in various managements through CENTURY model at Saral area in West Iran [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1059-1083]
Soil Organic Carbon Delineation of soil fertility management zones in paddy fields using geostatistical and fuzzy clustering methods [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1761-1779]
Soil Organic Carbon Assessment of the Impact of Land Use Change on Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties: A Case Study in the Loshan Region, Guilan Province [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2179-2197]
Soil Organic Carbon Climate-Scenario Impacts on Soil CO₂ Emissions across Four Afforestation Types and Their Understories in Meighan Desert [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3393-3414]
Soil Organic Carbon Stock (SOCs) Biogeochemical Responses of Soil Organic Carbon and Enzymatic Activity to Elevation and Depth: Comparing Fixed Depth and Equivalent Soil Mass Approaches [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2767-2790]
Soil quality Effect of land use change on some physical and chemical properties of soils in the northern half of Fars province [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1161-1174]
Soil respiration flux Climate-Scenario Impacts on Soil CO₂ Emissions across Four Afforestation Types and Their Understories in Meighan Desert [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3393-3414]
Soil Salinity Estimation of saturated soil paste electrical conductivity, soluble cations and anions from different ratios of soil to water (1:1, 1:2.5, and 1:5) in non‐gypsiferous soils with various textures [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 247-263]
Soil Salinity Random Forest Algorithm Training and Test for Monitoring Soil Salinity Changes in Pistachio Orchards [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1931-1947]
Soil structure Assessment of Soil Physical Quality in Different Management Systems of Rangelands in Zanjan Province [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1715-1735]
Soil Texture Response of Soil Microbial Diversity to Physical and Chemical Changes Caused by Water Erosion: A Case Study of Cheheltan Forest Site, Bam County [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3027-3046]
Soil thermal conductivity Investigating the Simultaneous Effects of Salinity, Moisture, and Soil Texture on Heat Transfer Dynamics in an Unsaturated Porous Medium [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3181-3195]
Soil to Water Ratios Estimation of saturated soil paste electrical conductivity, soluble cations and anions from different ratios of soil to water (1:1, 1:2.5, and 1:5) in non‐gypsiferous soils with various textures [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 247-263]
Solar energy Comparison of the efficiency of the single and double-slope solar stills in dry regions (Case study: Zabul city) [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 649-663]
Solar stills Comparison of the efficiency of the single and double-slope solar stills in dry regions (Case study: Zabul city) [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 649-663]
Soluble phosphorus Assessing the horizontal and vertical distribution of phosphorus in agricultural soil around maize root using a fertigation method in surface drip irrigation [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 571-588]
Spatial distribution Uncertainty and Spatial mapping of soil salinity and sodicity using machine learning methods in three different management depths in Abyek region [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 607-629]
Spatial Resolution Enhancement Improving Precipitation Accuracy: A Rescaling Method for PERSIANN Using NDVI, LST, and DEM Data [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 735-751]
Specific Energy Performance analysis of combined trapezoidal control notch in the sub-critical flow [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2119-2136]
Specific Force Performance analysis of combined trapezoidal control notch in the sub-critical flow [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2119-2136]
Spectral analysis Improving the accuracy of soil temperature time series prediction at different depths using spectral analysis and Box-Jenkins models [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1175-1200]
Stakeholder Participation Multidimensional Analysis of the Social Performance of a Segment of the Sefidroud Irrigation Scheme in Guilan Province [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1647-1662]
Stakeholders Presenting effective mechanisms for water users’ participation in agricultural water management [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 207-228]
Standard methods Investigation of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic) status in Iranian agricultural products and a critique of published studies – a review study [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2337-2374]
Statistical analysis Improving the accuracy of soil temperature time series prediction at different depths using spectral analysis and Box-Jenkins models [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1175-1200]
Stepped spillway with orifice Numerical Modeling of the Effect of Orifices in Stepped Spillways on Flow Energy Dissipation Using the FLOW-3D Model [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 589-606]
Sub-critical Flow Performance analysis of combined trapezoidal control notch in the sub-critical flow [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2119-2136]
Submerged horizontal jet Effect of clay content on local scouring downstream of a submerged horizontal jet at maximum bed compaction [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2655-2671]
Subsurface drip irrigation Evaluation of the effects of subsurface drip and furrow irrigation on the soil mineral phosphorus fractions in sugarcane cultivation [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2887-2905]
Sugarcane Evaluation of the effects of subsurface drip and furrow irrigation on the soil mineral phosphorus fractions in sugarcane cultivation [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2887-2905]
Sunflower The effect of priming application of zinc aminochelate and ZnSO4 fertilizer on the chemical forms of zinc in the soil solution phase and its correlation with zinc concentration in sunflower [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1379-1399]
Suport Vector Machine Crop Classification and Acreage Estimation at Basin Scale Using Different Machine Learning Approaches [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3129-3156]
Support vector machine Application of machine learning algorithms in groundwater level prediction in the Ardabil aquifer [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1041-1057]
Support Vector Machine (SVM) Automated Extraction of River Centerline and Evaluation of Meander Changes Using Spectral Indices and Machine Learning [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3255-3273]
Support Vector Regression Simulation of monthly river flow using improved support vector machine regression model using gray wolf optimization algorithm [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 151-170]
Sustainable agriculture The effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi, humic acid and phosphorus sources on growth and phosphorus uptake of tomato plant [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 433-444]
Sustainable agriculture Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Copper, Iron, and Manganese Borates Using a Chemical Coprecipitation Method and the Release Kinetics of These Elements in Water and Soil [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1479-1493]
Sustainable agriculture Assessment of Agricultural Drainage Water Quality for Irrigation Reuse Using Hydrochemical Indices (Case Study: Bavi County, Khuzestan) [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1949-1966]
Sustainable agriculture Evaluation of the combined effect of liquid organic fertilizers on nutrient uptake improvement and yield enhancement of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2521-2540]
Sustainable agriculture Investigation of actinomycetes inoculation on phosphorus dissolution and the effect of two selected isolates on the growth and nutritional indices of barley plant [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3107-3128]
Sustainable Development Investigate the environmental and human impacts and challenges of emerging PFAS contaminants and solutions for managing and remediating them in a sustainable manner [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2301-2336]
Synoptic Station Impact Analysis of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) on Precipitation and Relative Humidity across Various Regions of Iran [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 665-684]
Synoptic system Production and Trend Analysis of Daily Cyclonicity Indices over East Azerbaijan Province (Tabriz) [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3275-3292]

T

Tabriz Production and Trend Analysis of Daily Cyclonicity Indices over East Azerbaijan Province (Tabriz) [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3275-3292]
Tea garden Variations in Soil Organic Carbon Across Different Depths and Land Uses and Their Impact on Selected Physical and Chemical Soil Properties [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2013-2032]
Teleconnections Impact Analysis of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) on Precipitation and Relative Humidity across Various Regions of Iran [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 665-684]
The frequency index of dust storm days Comparative Analysis of Dust Storm Frequency Modeling Using the XGBoost Machine Learning Model and the Element-Free Galerkin Method (Case study: Ilam Province) [Volume 56, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1421-1436]
Thermal behavior of soil layers Improving the accuracy of soil temperature time series prediction at different depths using spectral analysis and Box-Jenkins models [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1175-1200]
Threat Score An Investigation of DEM Resolution Influence on Flood Inundation (Case study: Karun River) [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 965-982]
Three-dimensional velocity Investigating the Effect of Channel Bend Radius on Flow Characteristics in Inclined Bed Channels [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 445-462]
Threshold wind erosion velocity Identification and Analysis of Wind Erosion and Dust Emission Hotspots in Bushehr Province, Iran [Volume 56, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 2483-2502]
Thyme Comparison of quantitative and qualitative performance of superior populations of two species Thymus lancifolius and T. kotschynus with garden thyme (T. vulgaris) in low salinity water and soil conditions [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 281-291]
Thymol Comparison of quantitative and qualitative performance of superior populations of two species Thymus lancifolius and T. kotschynus with garden thyme (T. vulgaris) in low salinity water and soil conditions [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 281-291]
Time Series Smoothing Study the effect of meteorological variables variation on phenology of temperate forest in Gorgan region using MODIS sensor [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 881-897]
Toxicity Effects of rice straw and sewage sludge-derived hydrochars on some agronomic traits and leaf chlorophyll index of rice in a sandy loam soil contaminated with lead (Pb) [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 17-42]
Transient Storage Model (TSM) Intelligent Calibration of the Transient Storage Model by Integrating Genetic Algorithm and Finite Difference Method for Solute Transport Simulation [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 3157-3179]
Trend Analysis Quantitative Assessment of Climatic Drivers Affecting Reference Evapotranspiration in Ardabil Province [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2245-2265]
Trichoderma The effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi, humic acid and phosphorus sources on growth and phosphorus uptake of tomato plant [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 433-444]
Triple superphosphate The effect of tillage systems and residue management on the optimal use of phosphorus in safflower cultivation under saline conditions [Volume 56, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 631-648]
TRMM Investigating the Effect of Climate Change on the Forecast of precipitation Based on the Best Satellite in Kermanshah Province [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1861-1878]
Turbidity Monitoring dynamic changes in water quality parameters of dam reservoirs using remote sensing [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2711-2734]
Type B hydraulic jump Modeling of Type B hydraulic jump characteristics and comparative analysis focusing on sequent depth ratio, energy loss, and effect of sill installation under laboratory conditions [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 2951-2967]

W

Wastewater management in agriculture Assessment of the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soil and Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) under Irrigation with Industrial Wastewater and Application of Sewage Sludge [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3331-3350]
Water consumption Effect of organic fertilizer foliar application on grain yield, nutrient content, and water productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 389-410]
Water consumption Explaining Water Security Components and Proposing Management Strategies in the Agricultural Sector: A Case Study of Lorestan Province, Iran [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1895-1912]
Water consumption Assessing the impact of zeolite application and water quality on virtual water of wheat in Ahvaz climate [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2105-2117]
Water Efficiency Evaluation of seasonal performance of irrigation systems and plants with ARIS index [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 75-90]
Water erosion Development of Regional Models for Predicting Water Soil Erosion Using Sediment Gauging Data and Advanced Statistical Methods (Case Study: Urmia Lake Watershed) [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3435-3454]
Water footprint assessment From consumption monitoring to response to water footprint unsustainability: Integrated multi-objective optimization of cropping patterns with a holistic-detail approach (Case study: Markazi Province) [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1987-2011]
Water governance Presenting effective mechanisms for water users’ participation in agricultural water management [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 207-228]
Water Governance System Assessment of the Impact of Water Governance System Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards (A Case Study of the Karun-e Bozorg Basin in Khuzestan Province) [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2199-2223]
Water management Application of machine learning algorithms in groundwater level prediction in the Ardabil aquifer [Volume 56, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1041-1057]
Water Productivity Evaluation of Economic Water Productivity in Quinoa Cultivation Using Saline Water and Deficit Irrigation in a Tape Drip Irrigation System in Fars Province [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2751-2766]
Water quality Spatiotemporal Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Hamedan-Bahar Plain Using GIS and Hierarchical Clustering [Volume 56, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 2673-2690]
Water quality characteristics Evaluation the efficiency of machine learning boosting methods for estimating the water quality index of the Zayandeh Rood River [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1355-1378]
Water Quality Parameters Evaluation of water quality changes in Aras border river downstream and upstream of Khodaafrin Dam using water quality indicators [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 503-518]
Water resource The structural program of cultivation system of selected crops of Tajen Basin based on the sustainability of water resources [Volume 56, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 463-481]
Water Resource Management Assessment of Agricultural Drainage Water Quality for Irrigation Reuse Using Hydrochemical Indices (Case Study: Bavi County, Khuzestan) [Volume 56, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 1949-1966]
Water resources carrying capacity A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Anzali Wetland Using AHP-Entropy-CRITIC Combined Weighting Method and TOPSIS-GRA Model [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-126]
Watershed A review of some studies, methods and estimates of soil erosion and sediment yield in Iran [Volume 56, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1119-1145]
Water use efficiency Improving Water Productivity Through Deficit Irrigation Using the SALTMED Model [Volume 56, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 2137-2162]
Water use efficiency Effects of Bentonite and Nano-Bentonite on the Growth and Yield of Wheat in Sandy Soil under Greenhouse Conditions [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3254-3237]
Water User Association Presenting effective mechanisms for water users’ participation in agricultural water management [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 207-228]
Weathering indices The efficiency of weathering indices and geochemical elements in sub_basin spatial sediment sources fingerprinting (case study: Alvand watershed, Kermanshah province) [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 1-16]
Weir Sill Hydraulic Analysis of Pivot Side Weirs with Sill [Volume 56, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 229-246]
West and central Ira Spatiotemporal Trend Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Western Half of Iran during 1996–2023 [Volume 56, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 2969-2987]
Wheat Enhancing Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat through Phosphorus and Zinc Management [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3351-3373]
Wind pattern Projected Changes in Wind and Evaporation Patterns of the Caspian Sea under Different Climate Change Scenarios [Volume 56, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 3455-3474]

Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research

Keyword Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Z