Evaluation the effect of root morphological characteristics on phosphorus uptake in rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Department of Soil Biology, Soil and Water Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran

3 Department of Soil and Water, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

To investigate the effect of root morphological characteristic on phosphorus uptake in rice cultivars, a factorial experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design in an open field at the Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, during the spring of 2022. The experimental treatments included 10 rice cultivars (four local cultivars; Hashemi, Hassani, Ali-Kazemi and Domsiah and four improved cultivars; Gilaneh, Anam, Shiroudi and Khazar and two control cultivars; Ahlami Tarom and Neda) and two levels of soil phosphorus including four mg.kg-1 and 60 mg.kg-1. Results showed that there was a significant difference between rice cultivars in terms of the measured root morphological characteristics, and Ahlami Tarom and Shiroudi cultivars with extensive root structure in terms of volume and surface had higher phosphorus uptake efficiency. Ahlami Tarom and Shiroudi cultivars exhibited the highest values for root characteristics, while Gilaneh and Khazar cultivars showed the lowest. Significant differences were observed among rice cultivars in terms of shoot dry weight, total shoot phosphorus concentration and uptake, as well as phosphorus uptake and phosphorus use efficiency. the highest amount of total phosphorus concentration and phosphorus uptake and phosphorus use efficiency were 3.2 mg.g-1, 37.9% and 88% respectively and 2.9 mg.g-1, 32.5% and 64% respectively) in Ahlami Tarom and Shiroudi cultivars, respectively. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, rice cultivars were categorized into two groups, each exhibiting similar characteristics. Additionally, factor analysis identified two main factors, including morphological and functional root characteristics, which significantly explained the variations in root-related characteristics. Based on the results of this experiment, Ahlami Tarom and Shiroudi rice cultivars appear to be better adapted to conditions of soil phosphorus deficiency, and their cultivation in areas with such deficiencies may be recommended.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Introduction:

Phosphorus is one of the important nutritional nutrients needed for crops, which is in low availability in the soil. Identification of cultivars that are known as phosphorus efficient can be effective in better utilization of soil phosphorus.

Methods:

In order to evaluare the effect of root characteristic on phosphorus uptake in rice cultivars, a pot experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design in an open field at the Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, during the spring of 2022. The experimental treatments included 10 rice cultivars (four local cultivars; Hashemi, Hassani, Ali-Kazemi and Domsiah and four improved cultivars; Gilaneh, Anam, Shiroudi and Khazar and two control cultivars; Ahlami Tarom and Neda) and two levels of soil phosphorus including 4 mg.kg-1 and 60 mg.kg-1.

Results:

Results showed that there was a significant difference between rice cultivars in terms of the measured root morphological characteristics, and Ahlami Tarom and Shiroudi cultivars with extensive root structure in terms of volume and surface had higher phosphorus uptake efficiency. Ahlami Tarom and Shiroudi cultivars had the highest amount and Gilaneh and Khazar cultivars had the lowest quantity of quantitative root characteristics. In Ahlami Tarom and Shiroudi cultivars, the total root length was 628.3 and 596.3 cm, respectively, the root surface was 384.5 and 348.9 cm2, respectively, and the root volume was 175 and 155 cm3, respectively (in 10000 cm3 (pot volume unit). In Khazar and Gilane cultivars, the total length of the root was 275.9 and 293.7 cm respectively, the root surface was 218.7 and 237.5 cm2, respectively, and the root volume was 86.6 and 145 cm3, respectively in 10000 cm3 (pot volume unit). Rice cultivars had significant differences in shoot dry weight, total shoot phosphorus concentration and uptake, and phosphorus uptake and phosphorus use efficiency. Results showed that the highest amount of total phosphorus concentration and phosphorus uptake and phosphorus use efficiency were (3.2 mg.g-1, 37.9% and 88% respectively) and (2.9 mg.g-1, 32.5% and 64% respectively) in Ahlami Tarom and Shiroudi cultivars, respectively. According to the results of cluster analysis, rice cultivars were divided into two groups with similar characteristics within each group. Additionally, factor analysis identified two main factors, including morphological and functional root characteristics, which significantly explained the variations in root-related characteristics. Based on the results of this experiment, Ahlami Tarom and Shiroudi rice cultivars seems to be more adapted with soil phosphorus deficiency conditions and their use for cultivation in areas with soil phosphorus deficiency may be recommended.

Conclusion:

Overall, variations in root morphological traits and enhanced root development enable plants to access a larger soil soil volume, thereby improving phosphorus uptake absorption. The diversity in root biomass indicates that rice cultivars vary in their root system efficiency for phosphorus uptake, which supports plant growth. Identifying donor cultivars with efficient root systems can be used in rice breeding programs aimed at mitigating phosphorus deficiency in soils or reducing dependence on phosphorus fertilizers.

Author Contributions:

Conceptualization, Masoud Esfahani, Alireza Fallah Nosratabad and Shahram Mahmoudsoltani; Methodology, Masoud Esfahani, Sogand Shirinpour and Shahram Mahmoudsoltani; Software, Ali Aalami and Sogand Shirinpour; Validation, Masoud Esfahani and Shahram Mahmoudsoltani;  Formal analysis, Ali Aalami and Sogand Shirinpour; Investigation, Masoud Esfahani and Sogand Shirinpour; Writing, Sogand Shirinpour and Masoud Esfahani; Original draft preparation, Sogand Shirinpour; Writing, review and editing, Masoud Esfahani; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Data Availability Statement:

Data is available on reaseonable requests from the outhors

Acknowledgements:

The authors would like to Appreciate the university of guilan and rice research institute of Iran.

Ethical considerations

The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

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Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 56, Issue 3
May 2025
Pages 715-734

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