Morphological traits, seed yield and seed nutrient absorption of triticale plants in the presence of nickel with application of some organic and inorganic soil amendments

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M. Sc. Student of Agroecology Department, Darab College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

2 Department of Agroecology, Darab College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

3 Associate professor of Agroecology Department, Darab College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

4 Soil Science Department, Darab College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

In order to investigate the effects of various soil amendments, including municipal waste compost its biochar and bentonite in the presence of pollutant nickel, on morphological characteristics, yield, and nutrient absorption of triticale seeds, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with 3 replicates in the research greenhouse of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University. Experimental factors included: Nickel at three levels: control (no nickel application), 150 mg nickel/kg soil, and 300 mg nickel/kg soil supplied from a nickel chloride source, and soil amendments at seven levels: control, municipal waste compost, biochar, bentonite, bentonite and biochar, bentonite and municipal waste compost, biochar, and municipal waste compost, each at a level of 2% by weight. The results showed that the effect of different levels of soil amendments on morphological traits was significant. The highest plant height (80.29 cm) was related to the use of municipal waste compost. The highest seed yield of triticale (1.86 g/plant) was obtained with the application of municipal waste compost. All seed nutrients were affected by the interaction of nickel and soil amendments at the 1% probability level. It was interesting that, the highest seed phosphorus content (0.29%) was obtained with the application of 300 mg of nickel combined with the application of bentonite and biochar. The highest seed zinc concentration with an average of 49.8 mg/kg and seed manganese with an average of 38.3 mg/kg were obtained in the absence of nickel and the addition of biochar. 

Keywords

Main Subjects

Background and abjectives:

Nickel is one of the heavy metals that, although beneficial to plants in very small amounts, it is toxic to plants in high concentrations. Municipal waste compost and other organic soil amendments such as biochar provide some of the nutrients needed by plants, prevent soil erosion, increase beneficial soil microorganisms, reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improve the physical and biological condition of the soil, help eliminate municipal waste, and subsequently eliminate environmental pollution. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of bentonite, municipal waste compost, and resulting biochar on the yield, morphological characteristics, and nutrient uptake of triticale in the presence of nickel metal.

Materials and methods:

In order to investigate the effects of various soil amendments, including municipal waste compost and the resulting biochar in the presence of nickel, on morphological characteristics, yield, and nutrient absorption of triticale seeds, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with 3 replicates in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University. Experimental factors included: Nickel at three levels: control (no nickel application), 150 mg nickel/kg soil, and 300 mg nickel/kg soil supplied from a nickel chloride source, and soil amendments at seven levels: control, municipal waste compost, biochar, bentonite, bentonite and biochar, bentonite and municipal waste compost, biochar, and municipal waste compost, each at a level of 2% by weight.

Results:

The results showed that the effect of different levels of soil amendments on morphological traits was significant. The highest leaf dry weight was obtained from the application of municipal waste compost without nickel addition. Among the soil amendments the use of municipal waste compost resulted in the highest plant height (80.29 cm) was related to. All traits related to plant yield were affected by the application of soil amendments. The highest seed yield of triticale (1.86 g/plant) was obtained with the application of municipal waste compost. All seed nutrients were affected by the interaction of nickel and soil amendments at the 1% probability level. The highest seed phosphorus content (0.29%) was obtained with the application of 300 mg of nickel combined with the application of bentonite and biochar. The highest seed zinc concentration with an average of 49.8 mg/kg and seed manganese with an average of 38.3 mg/kg were obtained in the absence of nickel and the addition of biochar, and the zinc concentration in the seed decreased with increasing nickel content. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between seed yield and all yield-related traits except harvest index. Among the studied elements, seed yield was only positively and significantly correlated with seed copper.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings, it can be stated that morphological traits and yield were affected by the application of soil amendments. The highest seed yield of triticale was obtained under the municipal waste compost treatment, which increased seed yield compared to the control treatment. Based on the results of the experiment, all the nutrients in triticale seed were significantly affected by different levels of soil amendments. Finally, it can be stated that the level of 300 mg of nickel chloride significantly reduced the morphological traits of triticale, and the use of municipal waste compost in the presence of high levels of nickel improved the morphological traits.

Author Contributions

  1. J: Data preparation, Software, Formal Analysis, Results Interpretation, Investigation. A. B: Supervision, Data Analysis, Editing, Final Revision. E. B: Consultation. H.B: consultation, Editing, Methodology M.N.G: Methodology, Consultation, Editing.

Data Availability Statement

Data is available on reasonable request from the authors.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all participants of the present study.

Ethical considerations

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this manuscript. In addition, the ethical issues, including plagiarism, informed consent, misconduct, data fabrication and/or falsification, double publication and/or submission, and redundancies have been completely observed by the authors.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

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Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 56, Issue 9
December 2025
Pages 2467-2482

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