ارزیابی مصرف آب خرما در استان سیستان و بلوچستان با تکیه بر مفهوم آب مجازی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری،گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد،دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.

2 استادیار،گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی،دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان،زاهدان، ایران

3 دانشیار،گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد،دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

چکیده

خرما یکی‌ از مهم‌ترین محصولات باغی ایران است که نقش به‌سزایی در ارزش افزوده بخش کشاورزی، اقتصاد و امنیت غذایی دارد. محدودیت منابع آب از اصلی‌ترین چالش‌های تولید این محصول در مناطق مختلف است؛ لذا مدیریت مصرف و استفاده بهینه از منابع آب در تولید امری ضروری است. یکی از راهکار‌های عملی مدیریت منابع آب، برآورد نیاز آبی گیاه و تعیین مقدار حجم آب مصرفی در مراحل مختلف تولید محصول است. به منظور محاسبه میزان حجم آب مصرف‌شده توسط محصولات کشاورزی در مراحل رشد، از شاخص آب مجازی استفاده می­شود. لذا در این تحقیق ابتدا نیاز آبی خرما در استان سیستان و بلوچستان با استفاده از مدل CROPWAT به­دست آمد. سپس حجم آب مجازی، ردپای آب، مصرف آب آبی و مصرف آب سبز برای سال 1390 تا 1396 محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد متوسط نیاز آبی خرما در این استان 52/21976 متر‌مکعب بر هکتار است در‌صورتی که متوسط آب مصرف‌شده برای تولید این محصول 58/46659 متر‌مکعب بر هکتار اندازه­گیری شد که نشان از بهره‌وری پایین مصرف آب به‌منظور تولید خرما در این استان دارد. به‌طوری که بهره‌وری آب خرما 29/0 کیلو‌گرم بر متر‌مکعب محاسبه شد. متوسط برداشت سالانه از منابع آب برای تولید خرما 67/399 میلیون متر‌مکعب برآورد شد. ایرانشهر، سراوان، سرباز و نیک‌شهر بیشترین میزان برداشت از منابع آب را داشتند. میانگین آب مجازی خرما 82/3 متر‌مکعب بر کیلوگرم محاسبه شد. نتایج تخمین رد‌پای آب نشان داد این استان پتانسیل پایینی در استفاده از آب باران جهت آبیاری محصول خرما دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Water Use Assessment of Date in Sistan and Balouchestan Province Based on the Concept of Virtual Water

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehran Hekmatnia 1
  • seyed mehdi hosseini 2
  • mehdi safdari 3
1 Phd candidate,Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor,Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor,Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Date is one of the most important horticultural products in Iran, which plays an important role in added value of the agriculture, economy and food security. Water resources restriction is one of the main challenges of date product in different areas. Thus, consumption management and optimal use of water resources for production is essential. A practical approach to water resources management is estimation of crop water requirements and determination of water volume consumed in the process of crop production. Virtual water is a measure to estimate actual water use by different crops. Therefore in this research, date water requirement was firstly estimated by CROPWAT in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Afterward, the volume of virtual water, water footprint, blue and Green water were calculated for growing seasons of 2011-2017. The results showed that the average date water requirement is 21976.52 m3 ha-1 in this province. However, the amount of applied water was measured to be 46659.58 m3 ha-1. This indicates a low water productivity for date production in this province, as the water productivity of date was calculated to be 0.29 kg/m3. The average application of water for date production was estimated to be 399.67 million Cubic meters. Iranshahr, Saravan, Sarbaz and Nikshahr had the highest exploitation of water resources. The average virtual water for date production was found to be 3.82 m3 kg-1. The results of estimated footprint showed that this province has a low potential for using rainwater to irrigate date palm.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • blue water
  • Green Water
  • Water use efficiency
  • water footprint
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