مقدار تولید آب شیرین در تقطیرگر‌های خورشیدی متصل به گلخانه برای تأمین نیاز آبی گیاه ریحان در اهواز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دکتری/گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

2 استاد/گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم اب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، gایران

3 دانشیار/گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز،ایران

چکیده

نمک‌زدایی از آب‌های شور و نامتعارف فرصتی برای توسعه پایدار به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک محسوب می‌شود. در این تحقیق یک گلخانه در دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ساخته شد و شش دستگاه تقطیرگر خورشیدی روی آن نصب گردید. چهار دستگاه آن روی سقف و دو دستگاه دیگر روی دیواره جنوبی گلخانه نصب شدند و به منظور نمک‌زدایی از آب شور استفاده گردیدند. مجموع تولید آب شیرین شش تقطیرگر، به صورت روزانه محاسبه گردید. برای برآورد تبخیر‌- ‌تعرق گلخانه از تشت تبخیر کوچک و روش موازنه آب خاک استفاده شد. تأثیر برخی پارامترهای هواشناسی روی تولید روزانه آب شیرین بررسی شد. هدف تحقیق حاضر این بود که کسر آب شیرین تولیدی به روش تقطیر نسبت به تبخیر- تعرق گیاه ریحان در این گلخانه تعیین شود. اندازه‌گیری‌های روزانه و دوره‌ای تولید آب شیرین با تبخیر- تعرق روزانه و فصلی گیاه ریحان مقایسه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین تبخیر- تعرق گیاه ریحان در چهار مرحله رشد گیاه به‌ترتیب 97/1، 03/7، 22/8 و 11/8 میلی‌متر در روز است. با افزایش تشعشع خورشید و دما، کاهش ابرناکی و بارندگی، تولید آب شیرین افزایش یافت. سرعت باد و دید افقی بر روی تولید آب شیرین، تأثیر کم‌تری داشتند. میانگین تولید آب شیرین هر شش تقطیرگر متصل به گلخانه در چهار مرحله رشد گیاه به‌ترتیب 52/3، 62/4، 47/5، 42/5 لیتر در روز به‌دست آمد. بنابراین آب تولیدی در ابتدای مرحله رشد معادل 79/1 برابر تبخیر- تعرق گیاه ریحان بوده و از مرحله دوم تا چهارم، تولید آب حدود 67/0 تبخیر- تعرق گیاه ریحان بود. تبخیر و تعرق گیاه ریحان در طول فصل رشد به مدت 100 روز، در تاریخ یک اردیبهشت 1397 تا هفت مرداد 1397، 9/678 میلی‌متر به‌دست آمد که 72% آن توسط تقطیرگرها با تولید 488 لیتر برای مساحت یک مترمربع بستر کشت شنی، تأمین گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Amount of Fresh Water Production in Solar Distillers Connected to the Greenhouse to Provide Water Requirement of Basil Crop in Ahvaz

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Ghassemi 1
  • Saeed Boroomandnasab 2
  • Abdolrahim Hooshmand 3
1 Phd student/ Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran
2 Professor/ Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran
3 Associate Professor/ Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Desalination of salty and unconventional water is an opportunity for sustainable development especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this research, a greenhouse was constructed at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and six solar distiller devices mounted on it. Its four devices were mounted on the roof and two other devices on the south wall of the greenhouse and used for desalination of saline water. Total amount of fresh water of six distillers was calculated on a daily basis. To estimate greenhouse evapotranspiration, a small evaporation pan and a soil water balance method were used. The effect of some meteorological parameters on the daily production of fresh water was investigated. The purpose of this research was to determine the fraction of fresh water produced by distillers to the basil crop water requirement in the greenhouse. Daily and periodic measurements of fresh water production were compared with daily and seasonal evapotranspiration of basil crop. The results showed that the average of basil evapotranspiration in the four stages of plant growth is respectively 1.97, 7.03, 8.22 and 8.11 mm/day. By increasing solar radiation and temperature and reducing cloudiness and precipitation, the fresh water production was increased. Wind speed and horizontal visibility have less effect on the fresh water production. The produced fresh water of six distillers during the four stages growing period of basil crop was measured to be 3.52, 4.62, 5.47 and 5.42 liters per day, respectively. Therefore, the produced fresh water at the beginning stage was 1.79 times of the basil ET and from the second to fourth stages it was about 0.67 of basil evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration of basil plant during the 100 days of growing season, from April 21, 2018 to July 29, 2018, was measured to be 678.9 millimeter, of which %72 (488 liters per square meter sandy bed) was supplied by distillers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Basil evapotranspiration
  • Greenhouse
  • Production of freshwater
  • Solar distiller
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