ارزیابی کیفیت خاک اراضی تحت کشت گندم آبی در دشت تبریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیأت علمی، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

2 عضو هیأت علمی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجانشرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

3 عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

چکیده

خاک وظایف یا کارکردهای مختلفی دارد که از آن جمله می‌توان به توانایی تولید محصول، ذخیره کربن، نگهداری آب، چرخه عناصر غذایی و تصفیه آب اشاره کرد. کارکردهای خاک همبستگی بالایی با کیفیت خاک دارد. لذا آگاهی از کیفیت فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک در کشاورزی برای مدیریت بهینه کشتزارها و دستیابی به بیشترین بهره‌وری اقتصادی ضروری است. شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک اغلب منطقه‌ای بوده و برای تعیین آن، در همه مناطق نمی‌توان به طور ثابت از یک مجموعه از شناسه‌ها و معیار‌ها استفاده نمود. در این پژوهش شاخص‌های کیفیت تجمعی ساده (SQIA) و تجمعی وزنی (SQIW) و نمورو (NQI) و تأثیر ویژگی‌های مؤثر بر کیفیت خاک در خاک سطحی (30-0 سانتی‌متری) و عملکرد گندم در 206 گند‌م‌زار استان‌ آذربایجان شرقی (دشت تبریز) در سال 1397 با اندازه‌گیری ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک‌ها و عملکرد دانه گندم بررسی شد. با استفاده از روش تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی (PCA) کربن آلی، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، سیلت، پتاسیم و فسفر قابل استفاده و هدایت الکتریکی به عنوان حداقل ویژگی‌ها (MDS) انتخاب شدند. سپس شاخص‌های SQIw، SQIa و NQI با استفاده از کل ویژگی‌ها (TDS) و حداقل ویژگی‌ها (MDS) تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد که همبستگی معنی‌داری در سطح یک درصد (01/0>p) بین عملکرد گندم و شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک با استفاده از حداقل ویژگی‌ها (63/0-60/0=r) و استفاده از کل ویژگی‌ها (60/0-56/0=r)، همچنین بین استفاده از کل ویژگی‌ها و حداقل ویژگی‌ها در NQI (81/0=r)، SQIw (84/0=r) و SQIa (88/0=r) وجود دارد. لذا هر سه شاخص مورد بررسی برای منطقه مورد مطالعه مناسب بوده و استفاده از حداقل ویژگی‌ها به دلیل همبستگی نسبتاً بالاتر و تعداد ویژگی‌ها و هزینه کمتر، مناسب‌تر از روش استفاده از کل ویژگی‌ها می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the soil quality of the lands under irrigated wheat cultivation in Tabriz plain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rasoul Mirkhani 1
  • ahmad bybordi 2
  • Saeed Saadat 3
  • hamed rezaei 3
  • leila esmaeelnejad 3
1 Member of Scientific Board of Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
2 Member of Scientific Board of East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center,, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organizationn
3 Member of Scientific Board of Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
چکیده [English]

Soil has various tasks or functions, including the ability to produce crops, store carbon, store water, cycle nutrients and purify water. Soil functions have a high correlation with soil quality. Soil quality indices are often regional and to determine it, it is not possible to consistently use a set of idicators and indices in all regions. In this research, Additive Soil Quality Index (SQIa), the Weighted Additive Soil Quality Index (SQIw) and the Nemero Soil Quality Index (NQI) and the effect of effective characteristics on soil quality in surface soil (0-30 cm) and in the yield of 206 wheat field of East Azarbaijan Province (Tabriz Plain) in 2017 was investigated by measuring physical and chemical properties of soils and wheat grain yield. Organic carbon, bulk density, aveilble potassium and aveilble phosphorus and electrical conductivity were selected as The minimum data set (MDS) using principal component analysis (PCA). Then SQIa, SQIw and NQI were determined using TDS and MDS. The results showed that there is a correlation between wheat yield and soil quality indices using MDS (r=0.60-0.63) and using TDS (r=0.56-0.60) also there was a significant correlation (p <0.01) between the use of TDS and MDS in NQI (r=0.81), SQIw(r=0.84) and SQIa (r=0.88) (p<0.01). Therefore, all three investigated indices are suitable for the study area and using MDS is more suitable than the method of using TDS due to relatively higher correlation and number of features and lower cost.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Additive Soil quality index
  • Nemoro quality index
  • main components
  • soil function

Evaluation of the soil quality of the lands under irrigated wheat cultivation in Tabriz plain

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

 

Introduction

Soil has various tasks or functions, including the ability to produce crops, store carbon, store water, cycle nutrients and purify water. Soil functions have a high correlation with soil quality. Depending on the purpose, soil quality can be assessed. Therefore, Awareness of the physical, chemical and biological quality of soil in agriculture and natural resources is essential for optimal land management and achieving maximum economic productivity. Soil quality indicators are often regional and to determine it, it is not possible to consistently use a set of identifiers and indicators in all regions. In this study, the Nemero Soil Quality Index (NQI), the Weighted Additive Soil Quality Index (SQIw), and the Additive Soil Quality Index (SQIa) were determined using the total data set (TDS) and minimum data set (MDS) in wheat field of East Azarbaijan Province (Tabriz Plain).

Methods

In this research, Additive Soil Quality Index (SQIa), the Weighted Additive Soil Quality Index (SQIw) and the Nemero Soil Quality Index (NQI) and the effect of effective properties on soil quality in surface soil (0-30 cm) and in the yield of 206 wheat field of East Azarbaijan Province (Tabriz Plain) in 2017 was investigated by measuring physical (sand, silt and clay percentage, bulk density (Bd), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks)) and chemical (Organic carbon (OC), acidity (pH), Calcium carbonate equivalent, aveilble potassium (Kave) and aveilble phosphorus (Pave), and electrical conductivity (EC)) properties of soils and wheat grain yield. Organic carbon (OC), bulk density (Bd), aveilble potassium (Kave) and aveilble phosphorus (Pave), and electrical conductivity (EC) were selected as The minimum data set (MDS) using SPSS 24 by principal component analysis method (PCA). For this purpose, components with Eigen values greater than one were selected and in each component, properties with high loading coefficient up to 10% lower than the highest loading coefficient were selected MDS affecting soil quality. Then, Additive Soil Quality Index (SQIa), the Weighted Additive Soil Quality Index (SQIw) and the Nemero Soil Quality Index (NQI) were determined using the total data set (TDS) and the minimum data set (MDS).

Results and Discussion

The results showed that there was a significant correlation (p <0.01) between the yield of irrigated wheat and Weighted Additive Soil Quality Index (r=0.63), Additive Soil Quality Index (r=0.61) and Nemero Soil Quality Index (r=0.60) using minimum data set (MDS) method; and using total data set (TDS) method this correlation values were 0.59, 0.60 and 0.56, respectively. also, there was a significant correlation (p<0.01) between the use of total data set (TDS) and minimum data set (MDS) in Nemero Soil Quality Index (r=0.81), the Weighted Additive Soil Quality Index (r=0.84) and Additive Soil Quality Index (r=0.88). Therefore, all three investigated indicators are suitable for the study area and using minimum data set (MDS) is more suitable than the method of using total data set (TDS) due to relatively higher correlation and number of features and lower cost.

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 54، شماره 12
اسفند 1402
صفحه 1981-1994

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