اثر شوری خاک بر معدنی شدن نیتروژن در حضور و عدم حضور کلش گندم در سه خاک با کلاس بافتی متفاوت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای شیمی و حاصلخیزی خاک، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،

2 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.

3 بخش آزمایشگاه ها، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 بخش تحقیقات حاصلخیزی خاک و تغذیه گیاه، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

5 بخش تحقیقات بیولوژی خاک، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،کرج، ایران

چکیده

این مطالعه به‌منظور بررسی اثر شوری خاک بر معدنی‌ شدن نیتروژن در حضور و عدم حضور کلش گندم درسه خاک با کلاس بافتی رسی، لومی و شنی لومی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با فاکتورهای شوری (1، 10، 20 و 30 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر)، کلش گندم (صفر و 2 درصد وزنی با 5/89=C/N) و زمان (روزهای 2، 5، 12، 20، 28، 37، 46، 53، 64، 73، 85 و90) در 3 تکرار اجرا شد. نمونه‌ خاک‌های زراعی مناطق مختلف ایران بررسی و سه خاک با شوری پایین (1/1-84/0 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و کربن آلی کم (98/0-22/0 درصد) انتخاب شدند. آزمایش نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که در هر سه نوع خاک غلظت آمونیوم و نیترات در تیمار بدون کلش بیش‌تر از تیمار دارای کلش بود. در تیمار دارای کلش یک روند کاهشی اولیه در مقدار آمونیوم و نیترات برای هر سه خاک وجود داشت ولی پس از مدت زمانی، مقدار آمونیوم و نیترات خاک روند افزایشی و بازگشت به مقدار اولیه را نشان داد. با افزایش سطح شوری خاک، مقدار آمونیوم خاک در خاک‌های رسی و شن لومی، افزایش یافت در حالیکه در خاک لوم کاهش یافت. مقدار نیترات در هر سه نوع خاک با افزایش سطح شوری، روند کاهشی نشان داد. بطورکلی یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان داد که حضور کلش در خاک می‌تواند اثرات منفی غلظت‌های بالای نمک را بر معدنی شدن نیتروژن تعدیل کرده و از تلفات آن بکاهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of soil salinity on nitrogen mineralization in the presence and absence of wheat straw in three soils with different textural classes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Younes Shukuhifar 1
  • Ahmad Mohammadi Ghehsareh 2
  • Karim Shahbazi 3
  • Mohammad mehdi Tehrani 4
  • Hosein Besharati 5
1 PhD student of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3 Department of Laboratories,, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
4 Department of Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition,, Soil and water research institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
5 Department of Soil Biology, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

 
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil salinity on nitrogen mineralization in the presence and absence of wheat straw in three soils with textural classes of clay, loam and loamy sand under laboratory conditions as a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The studied factors were salinity (1, 10, 20 and 30 dS/m), wheat straw (0 and 2% by weight with C/N=89.5) and time (2, 5, 12, 20, 28, 37, 46, 53, 64, 73, 85 and 90 days). After investigation of different Iranian agricultural soils, three soils with low salinity (0.84-1.1 dS/m) and low organic carbon (0.22-0.98%) were selected. Considering the results, in the three soils, the amount of ammonium and nitrate in the treatment without straw was higher than those in the treatment with straw. In straw treatment, there was an initial descending trend in the amount of ammonium and nitrate for the three soils, but after a period of time, ammonium and nitrate content of the soil showed an ascending trend and returned to the initial value. With increasing soil salinity, the amount of soil ammonium increased in clay and loamy sand soils but decreased in the loamy soil. Nitrate content showed a descending trend for the three soils with increasing salinity. In general it is concluded that the presence of wheat straw in the soil can mitigate the negative effects of high concentrations of salt on nitrogen mineralization and reduce nitrogen losses.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ammonium
  • Electrical conductivity
  • Nitrate
  • Nitrogen losses
  • Organic matter

The effect of soil salinity on nitrogen mineralization in the presence and absence of wheat straw in three soils with different textural classes

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

 

Introduction

Soil salinity is one of the main factors of land degradation and decrease the yield of agricultural crops, affecting the population of soil microorganisms and soil dissolved organic carbon, plays an important role in soil nitrogen mineralization. Application of organic matter is often suggested as a solution to stimulate soil microbial activities in the soils affected by salt.

Objective

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of soil salinity on nitrogen mineralization in the presence and absence of wheat straw in three soils with textural classes of clay, loam and loamy sand under laboratory conditions.

Materials and methods

For this purpose, agricultural soil samples from different regions of Iran were investigated and three soils with low salinity (0.84-1.1 dS/m) and organic carbon (0.22-0.98%) were selected. The experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with the factors of salinity (initial salinity about 1, 10, 20 and 30 dS/m), wheat straw (two levels of 0 and 2% by weight with C/N=89.5) and time (2, 5, 12, 20, 28, 37, 46, 53, 64, 73, 85 and 90 days) by applying three repetitions for each sample.

Results

 In addition to wheat straw, soil texture also has an effect on nitrogen mineralization, so that in clay and sandy loam soil without wheat straw, the ammonium content of the soil increased with increasing salt concentration, while in loamy soil without wheat straw, with increase soil salinity the amount of ammonium produced decreased. In all three soils, the amount of ammonium and nitrate in the treatment without straw was higher than in the treatment with straw. In the treatment with straw, there was an initial downward trend in the amount of ammonium and nitrate for all three soils, but after a period of time, the amount of ammonium and nitrate in the soil showed an upward trend and returned to the initial value. With the increase in soil salinity, the amount of soil ammonium increased in clay and loamy sand but decreased in loam soil, but the amount of soil nitrate showed a decreasing trend for all three soils with increasing salinity.

Conclusion

 The results showed that soil salinity can lead to a decrease in soil mineral nitrogen by affecting the process of nitrogen mineralization, and the presence of wheat straw, although in a certain period of time, leads to a decrease in soil mineral nitrogen, but with the positive characteristics it gives to the soil, it can adjust the negative effects of high salt concentrations in the processes of ammonium and nitrate production in all of the three types of soil texture and on the other hand, reduce its losses by controlling the rate of nitrogen mineralization. Therefore, based on the results of this research, it is recommended to return wheat straw in saline soils along with calculating the nitrogen factor. The presence of wheat straw in saline soils can moderate the negative effects of high salt concentrations on nitrogen mineralization and reduce its losses.

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 54، شماره 12
اسفند 1402
صفحه 1913-1928

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