تاثیر کاربرد فیلترکیک، باگاس و کودهای شیمیایی بر برخی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاه نیشکر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشارزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز- اهواز، ایران

چکیده

تاثیر استفاده از باگاس و فیلترکیک حاصل از نیشکر با برخی کودهای شیمیایی همزمان با شروع خاک‌ورزی و دو مرحله آبیاری، بر برخی ویژگی‌های نیشکر به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و در مزرعه‌ای به وسعت 19 هکتار واقع در کشت و صنعت نیشکر واحد دعبل در استان خوزستان در سال 1400بررسی شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل بهساز آلی (باگاس، فیلترکیک، ترکیب باگاس و فیلترکیک، بدون ماده آلی)، کود اوره (با و بدون اوره) و کودسوپر فسفات تریپل (100 و 75 % توصیه کودی) بود. پیش از شروع خاک‌ورزی بهسازها از طریق ماله و گاوآهن در کرت‌ها توزیع و پخش شدند. نتایج نشان داد اثر تلفیقی بهساز و کود اوره بر تعداد جوانه، تعداد پنجه و وزن تک ساقه قابل آسیاب معنی‌دار بود.  بیشترین مقدار ویژگی های ذکر شده پس از کاربرد  فیلترکیک و اوره بدست آمد که برابر 671292 جوانه در هکتار، 757542 پنجه در هکتار و 55/857 گرم وزن تک ساقه قابل آسیاب بود که به ترتیب 60، 4/78 و 35/41 درصد نسبت به عدم کاربرد بهساز و کود اوره بیشتر بود. کاربرد کود اوره به همراه باگاس باعت افزایش 35/7 درصد تعداد ساقه نسبت به شاهد شد. کاربرد فیلترکیک، ترکیب باگاس+ فیلترکیک و باگاس با اوره به ترتیب 54، 2/31 و 3/13 درصد عملکرد را نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. عملکرد محصول بدست آمده به ترتیب برابر 1/135، 1/120 و 4/99 تن در هکتار بود. کاربرد فیلترکیک با اوره موجب 8/21 درصد افزایش درصد شربت نسبت به عدم مصرف بهساز و سطح معمول کاربرد کود (450 کیلوگرم در هکتار در طول دوره رشد) شد. با مصرف 100 درصد کود فسفات توصیه شده و در حضور اوره درصد شربت نسبت به عدم کاربرد اوره و همان میزان فسفات به میزان 9/7 درصد افزایش داشت. با توجه به اثر فیلترکیک و باگاس و شیوه کاربرد آن‌ها  بر ویژگی‌های رشدی و عملکرد گیاه نیشکر، استفاده از آنها به روش پژوهش حاضر توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Filter Cake, Bagasse and Chemical Fertilizers Application on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sugarcane

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farideh Yarahmadi 1
  • Ahmad Landi 2
  • Naeimeh Enayatizamir 1
1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The effect of obtained bagasse and filter cake from sugarcane industry with some chemical fertilizers at the same time as soil preparation and two stages of irrigation, on some characteristics of sugarcane was investigated as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design in 2021 in a field of 19 hectares located in Debel Khazei agro-industry company in Khuzestan province, Iran. The factors were consisted of organic amendments (no organic amendments, bagasse, filter cake, and bagasse+filter cake), urea fertilizer (with and without urea application), and triple superphosphate fertilizer (75% and 100% of the recommended amount).The factors were consisted of organic amendments (no organic amendments, 50 tons per hectare of bagasse, 50 tons per hectare of filter cake, and 50 tons per hectare of equal amounts of both bagasse and filter cake), urea fertilizer (with 150 kg per hectare and without urea application), and triple superphosphate fertilizer (75% (187.5 kg/ha) and 100% of the recommended amount (250 kg/ha).The results showed that the combined effect of organic amendment and urea fertilizer was significant on the number of buds, number of tillers, and stem weight. The maximum value of each trait was measured by the application of filter cake and urea fertilizer by 671292 buds per hectare, 757542 tillers per hectare, and 857.55 g of individual stem weight, which were 60, 78.4 and 41.35% higher than the non-application of organic amendment and urea fertilizer, respectively. The application of urea with bagasse resulted in a 7.35% increase in the number of stems compared to the control. The application of filter cake, the combination of bagasse + filter cake and bagasse with urea increased the yield by 54, 31.2 and 13.3 percent, respectively, compared to the control. The obtained yield was equal to 135.1, 120.1 and 99.4 tons per hectare, respectively. The application of filter cake with urea led to a 21.8% increase in juice percentage compared to the non-use of organic amendment and the normal level of fertilizer application (450 kg/ha during the growing season). Using 100% of the recommended dosage of phosphate fertilizer in the presence of urea increased juice percentage by 7.9% compared to the non-use of urea and the same amount of phosphate. Based on the effect of filter cake and bagasse and their application method on sugarcane's growth and yield characteristics, their use is recommended using the present research method.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organic amendment
  • Sugarcane
  • Triple superphosphate
  • Urea

Effects of Filter Cake, Bagasse and Chemical Fertilizers Application on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sugarcane

 

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Introduction

In Iran, sugarcane is considered a strategic crop, and a large area of land in the southern of Khuzestan is allocated for its cultivation. Every year, a large amount of by-products such as bagasse and filter cake are produced, which have high nutritional value for soil fertility. Due to the importance of organic fertilizers in sustainable agriculture and the need to optimize the use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural ecosystems, a study was conducted in 2021 on a 19-hectare experimental farm dedicated to Debel Khozaei sugarcane agro-industry in Khuzestan province, Iran. The aim was to investigate the effect of sugarcane bagasse and filter cake application with and without urea, along with two levels of superphosphate triple fertilizer, during tillage operations and two stages of irrigation to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the sugarcane plant.

 

Materials and Methods

 The research was performed as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors were consisted of organic amendments (no organic amendments, 50 tons per hectare of bagasse, 50 tons per hectare of filter cake, and 50 tons per hectare of equal amounts of both bagasse and filter cake), urea fertilizer (with 150 kg per hectare and without urea application), and triple superphosphate fertilizer (75% and 100% of the recommended amount, namely 187.5 kg/ha and 250 kg/ha, respectively). The plant characteristics measured during the sugarcane growth and after harvesting including germination, tillering, number of stems and weight of millable stems, sugarcane yield, syrup percentage, bridge, Brix, and syrup purity.

 

Results

The results showed that the effect of organic fertilizer alone and its interaction with urea on the number of buds, tillering, millable stems, and weight of stems was significant. The maximum value of each trait was measured by the application of filter cake and urea fertilizer by 671292 buds per hectare, 757542 tillers per hectare, and 857.55 g of individual stem weight, which were 60, 78.4 and 41.35% higher than the non-application of organic amendment and urea fertilizer, respectively. Whilst the highest number of stems was observed in the application of filter cakes without urea. The interaction of each organic amendment with urea fertilizer increased the number of shoots by 60%, 39%, and 49.3%, respectively. The mean comparison results of the interaction effect of applied organic matters and urea fertilizer showed the highest number of tillers per hectare obtained using filter cake and afterward filter cake + bagasse along with the application of urea. So that the accompanying urea with filter cake, bagasse, filter cake + bagasse could increase tiller number by 78.4%, 43.9%, and 45.4%, respectively, compared to normal farm conditions (the conventional use of chemical fertilizers) and without urea fertilizer treatment. The application of filter cake, the combination of bagasse + filter cake and bagasse with urea increased the yield by 54, 31.2 and 13.3 percent, respectively, compared to the control. The obtained yield was equal to 135.1, 120.1 and 99.4 tons per hectare, respectively. Also, the application of 100% of the recommended phosphate fertilizer increased yield by 4% compared to 75% of the recommended rate. The effect of urea on syrup percentage, POL, Brix, and syrup purity was significant (p< 0.01%). Application of urea increased syrup content by 4.7 and decreased POL, Brix, and syrup purity by 1.3, 6.7, and 2%, respectively. The application of filter cake with urea increased the syrup percentage by 21.8% compared to the control. Also, the application of 100% of the recommended phosphate fertilizer with urea increased the percentage of syrup by 7.9 compared to the absence of urea and the same amount of phosphate.

Conclusion

Considering the significant effect of filter cake and bagasse and their method of application on the growth characteristics and yield of the sugarcane plant, their use is recommended according to the present research method.

مراجع

Abdulahi, L. (2006). Investigating the effect of bagasse and filter cake as organic fertilizers on the changes in the amount of carbon, the amount of soil nutrients, soil properties, and the growth and yield of sugarcane plants, (Master dissertation, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran). (In Persian).
Al Kathir, A., Babaeinejad, T., Gholami, A. (2019). Investigating the effects of various amounts of urea fertilizer and sugar cane filter on yield and functional parameters of wheat bread, Journal of Plant Production Science. 8(2), 121-134. 
Al-Zubaidi, M. S. K., Al-Zubaidi, N. A. J., & Al Mubarak, N. F. A. (2020). Effect of organic and biofertilizers on the vegetative traits of the sugarcane plant (Saccharum officinarum L.). Plant Archives, 20(2), 5653-5660.
Amin, N. (2011). Use of bagasse ash in concrete and its impact on the strength and chloride resistivity. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 23(5), 717-720.
Aquinoa, G. S., Conti Medinaa, C., Cortez da Costaa, D., Shahaba, M., & Santiago, A. D. (2017). Sugarcane straw management and its impact on production and development of ratoons. Industrial Crops and Products, 102, 58-64.
Bhadha, J.H., Xu, N., Khatiwada, R., Swanson, S., & LaBorde, C. (2020). Bagasse: A potential organic soil amendment used in sugarcane production: SL477/SS690, 8/2020. EDIS, 5, 5-5.
Bokhtiar, S. M., Paul, G. C., & Alam, K. M. (2008). Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield, and juice quality and residual effects on ratoon crops of sugarcane. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31(10), 1832–1843.
Cardona, C. A., Quintero, J. A., & Paz, I. C. (2010). Production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse. Status and perspectives. Bioresource Technology, 101(13), 4754-4766.
Clements, H. F. (1980). Sugarcane crop logging and crop control: principles and practices. University of Hawaii Press.
Crusciol, C. A. C., McCray, J. M., de Campos, M., do Nascimento, C. A. C., Rossato, O. B., Adorna, J. C., & Mellis, E. V. (2021). Filter cake as a long-standing source of micronutrients for sugarcane. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 21(1), 813–823.
De Carvalho, G. J., de Bastos Andrade, L. A., Gomide, M. B., & de Figueiredo, P. A. M. (1996). Allelopathic potential of senescent leaves and green leaves and tips of sugarcane, in different concentrations of dry matter, upon the germination of lettuce seeds. Unimar Ciences, 5(2), 19-24.
Dotaniya, M. L., Datta, S. C., Biswas, D. R., Dotaniya, C. K., Meena, B. L., Rajendiran, S., Regar, K. L., & Lata, M. (2016). Use of sugarcane industrial by-products for improving sugarcane productivity and soil health. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture. 5, 185–194.
Dubey, R.K., Dubey, P. K., & Abhilash P.C. (2019). Sustainable soil amendments for improving the soil quality, yield and nutrient content of Brassica juncea (L.) grown in different agroecological zones of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, Soil & Tillage Research 195, 104418.
Gardner, F. P., Pearch, B. R., & Roger, L. M. (2017). Physiology of crop plants. Scientific publishers.
Gonçalves, C. A., de Camargo, R., de Sousa, R. T. X., Soares, N. S., de Oliveira, R. C., Stanger, M. C., ... & Lemes, E. M. (2021). Chemical and technological attributes of sugarcane as functions of organomineral fertilizer based on filter cake or sewage sludge as organic matter sources. Plos one, 16(12), e0236852.
Hamid, A., Lak, Sh., & Mojddam, M. (2022). The effect of different planting patterns on yield changes and quantitative and qualitative traits of sugarcane in the south of Khuzestan, Sustainable Agricultural Science Research. 2(2), 44-64. (In Persian).
Hemalatha, S., (2015). Impact of nitrogen fertilization on quality of sugarcane under fertigation. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation. 2, 37-39.
Hamayati, S., Hamdi, H., Taleghani, M., & Amili, S. (2010). Strategic research plan for sugarcane. Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) and Sugarcane and By-Products Research, Education and Development Institute. (In Persian).
Ismayana A., Siswi Indrasti N., & Sane T. (2013) Co-composting process of bagasse and sludge from sugarcane industry with influence of different initial C/N value and aeration. Proceedings of Bogor Agricultural University (http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456 789/67800).
Kizilkaya, R. (2008). Yield response and nitrogen concentration of spring wheat inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum strains. Eco-Engineering. 33, 150-156.
Korndorfer G. H., & Anderson, D. L. (1997) Use and impact of sugar alcohol residues vinasse and filter on sugarcane production in Brazil. Sugar Azucar. 92(3), 26–35.
Kumar, V., & Chand, M. (2013). Effect of integrated nutrients management on cane yield, juice quality and soil fertility under sugarcane based cropping system. Sugar Tech, 15, 214-218.
Liang, Q.; Chen, H., Gong, Y., Fan, M., Yang, H., Lal, R., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2012). Effects of 15 years of manure and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon fractions in a wheat-maize system in the North China Plain. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 92, 21–33.
Madrid, F., Lopez, R., & Cabera. F. (2007). Metal accumulation in soil after application of municipal solid waste compost under intensive farming condition. Journal of Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 119, 249-256.
Mandal, A., Patra, K., Singh, D., Swarup, A., & Masto, R. E. (2012). Effect of long-term application of manure and fertilizer on biological and biochemical activities in the soil during crop development stages. Bioresource Technology. 98, 3585-3592.
Meunchang, S., Panichsakpatana, S., & Weaver, R. W. (2005). Co-composting of filter cake and bagasse; by-products from a sugar mill. Bioresource Technology. 96, 437-442.
Meyer, J. H., & Wood, R. A. (2001). The effects of soil fertility and nutrition on sugarcane quality: A review. In Proc S Afr Sug Technol Ass. 75, 242-247.
Moberly, PK. (1982). Nutrient requirements of irrigated sugarcane grown on soils of the Hutton form at Pongola. Crop Production, 125- 129.
Mutryarny, E., & Sri, U. L. (2014). Utilization of rabbit urine to increase growth and production of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L) Tosakan variety. Agricultural Scientific Journal, 11(2), 23-34.
Nakhla, D.A., Mahmoud, Y.I., & El Haggar, S. (2017). Production of compost and organic fertilizer from sugarcane residues. Advances in Ecological and Environmental Research. 2(2), 69-89.
Nisrane, B. N. (2017). Effect of filter cake and bagasse on selected soil properties and response of ricw (Oryza sativa L.) to their application on calcareous sodic soils at Ambara, Ethiopia (Doctoral dissertation, MSc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya).
Ohashi, A. Y. P., Pires, R. C. D. M., Ribeiro, R. V., & Silva, A. L. B. D. O. (2015). Root growth and distribution in sugarcane cultivars fertigated by a subsurface drip system. Bragantia, 74, 131-138.
Ossom, E.M., Delamini, F.T., & Rhykerd, R.L. (2012). Effects of filter cake on soil mineral nutrients and maize (Zea mays 1.) agronomy. Journal of Tropical Agriculture 89(3), 141-150.
Ossom, E. M., & Rhykerd, R. L. (2007). Response of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. to soil fertilization with filter cake. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, 100(3-4), 197-208.
Prado, R. D. M., Caione, G., & Campos, C. N. S. (2013). Filter cake and vinasse as fertilizers contributing to conservation agriculture. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2013, 1-8.
Rahmad, L. A., Kuswinanti, T., & Musa, Y. (2019). The Effect of Sugarcane Bagasse and Filter Mud Compost Fertilizer and Manure Application on the Growth and Production of Sugarcane. International Journal of Science and Technology. 6(6), 338-345.
Rodrigues, R. C. L. B., Felipe, M. G. A., Silva, J. B., Vitolo, M., & Gómez, P. V. (2001). The influence of pH, temperature and hydrolyzate concentration on the removal of volatile and nonvolatile compounds from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolyzate treated with activated charcoal before or after vacuum evaporation. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 18(3), 299-311.
Sadegh Bakhtiari, M., Ganjali, H., Mehraban, A. & Ebrahimi, A. (2016). Study of different effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on quantitative and qualitative yield of safflower in Sistan region. New Finding in Agriculture. 10(4), 241-254. (In Persian).
Sadeghi Pour, A., Hashemi Dezfuli, A. & Siadat, A. (1999). Investigating the growth and performance of rapeseed at different levels of nitrogen application and plant density. The 5th Congress of Agriculture and Plant Breeding of Iran. Publications of Karaj Seedling and Seed Research Institute. 4. (In Persian).
Sales, A., & Lima, S. A. (2010). Use of Brazilian sugarcane bagasse ash in concrete as sand replacement. Waste Management. 30(6), 1114-1122.
Sampietro, D. A., & Vattuone, M. A. (2006). Sugarcane straw and its phytochemicals as growth regulators of weed and crop plants. Plant Growth Regulation. 48, 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-005-5135-9
Sampietro, D. A., Sgariglia, M. A., Soberón, J. R., Quiroga, E. N., & Vattuone, M. A. (2007). Role of sugarcane straw allelochemicals in the growth suppression of arrowleaf sida. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 60(3), 495-503.
Sampietro, D. A., Vattuone, M. A., & Isla, M. I. (2005). Plant growth inhibitors isolated from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) straw. Journal of Plant Physiology, 163(8), 837-846.
Sarandon, S. J., & Gianibelli, M. C. (1990). Effect of foliar urea spraying and nitrogen application at sowing upon dry matter and nitrogen distribution in wheat. Agronomie, 10: 183-189.
Shaarani, S. M., Mokhtar, N. J., Arshad, Z. I. M., Man, R. C., Mudalip, S. K. A., & Sulaiman, S. Z. (2019). Co-composting landfill leachate with sugarcane bagasse for biofertilizer production. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2124, No. 1, p. 020032). AIP Publishing LLC.
Singh, P., Suman, A., & Shrivastava, K. (2003). Isolation and identification of allelochemicals from sugarcane leaves. Allelopathy Journal. 12(1), 71-80.
Tayyab, M., Islam, W., Lee, C. G., Pang, Z., Khalil, F., Lin, S., Lin, Z., & Zhang, H. (2019). Short-term effects of different organic amendments on soil fungal composition. Sustainability. 11(1), 198.
Viator, R. P., Johnson, R. M., Grimm, C. C., & Richard, E. P. (2006). Allelopathic, autotoxic, and hermetic effects of postharvest sugarcane residue. Agronomy Journal. 98(6), 1526-1531.
Wang, T. S. C., Yang, J., & Chuang, T. (1967). Soil phenolic acids as plant growth inhibitors. Soil Science., 103(4), 239-246.
Webber, C. L., White Jr., P. M., Spaunhorst, D. J., & Petrie, E. C. (2017). Comparative performance of sugarcane bagasse and black polyethylene as mulch for squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) production. Journal of Agricultural Science. 9(11), 1-9.
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 54، شماره 5
مرداد 1402
صفحه 811-827

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار