مطالعه آزمایشگاهی ظرفیت آبگیری مخازن نگهداشت سیل در جریان غیرماندگار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده آب و خاک دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده آب و خاک دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران، کد پستی: 16818-34149،

4 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی آب و خاک ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

 
به دلیل اثرات منفی محیط زیستی سدهای مخزنی، مخازن نگهداشت سیل یا مخازن تأخیری سیلاب به عنوان یک راهکار جایگزین برای مدیریت و کاهش خسارات سیل‌ در چند دهه اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند. بررسی پیشینه تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که مطالعات عددی و آزمایشگاهی محدودی در این زمینه انجام شده است، لذا در این تحقیق با بررسی آزمایشگاهی عوامل موثر بر نحوه عملکرد مخازن نگهداشت در آزمایشگاه هیدرولیک آب و رسوب دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در سال 2018، اثر میزان زبری بستر آبراهه اصلی بر میزان دبی ورودی به مخزن نگهداشت در کنترل دبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین با واسنجی برخی معادلات ضریب دبی سرریز جانبی،  قابل تعمیم بودن استفاده از روابط جریان ماندگار برای جریان غیرماندگار بررسی شد. برای مدل‌سازی، یک مخزن فلزی از طریق سرریز جانبی لبه پهن به بدنه کانال متصل شد. سه ارتفاع زبری بستر فلوم در محدوه 06/0 تا 15 میلی‎متر و همچنین سه طول سرریز جانبی در محدوده 30 تا 90 سانتی متر مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. آزمایش‌ها تحت شرایط جریان غیرماندگار و با سه هیدروگراف‌ ورودی با دبی‌های اوج 17، 25 و 33 لیتر بر ثانیه و زمان پایه 504 ثانیه انجام شد. با استفاده از حسگرهای دیجیتالی، عمق جریان در هر لحظه در کانال و مخزن ثبت و دبی متوسط جریان ورودی به مخزن محاسبه گردید. بر اساس نتایج، استفاده از روابط ضریب دبی سرریز جانبی جریان ماندگار برای جریان غیرماندگار قابل تعمیم نیست لذا بر مبنای تئوری بدون بعدسازی پی‌باکینگهام، روابطی برای محاسبه دبی متوسط جریان ورودی به مخزن نگهداشت و مدت زمان پرشدن آن ارائه گردید که بیشینه خطای محاسباتی برای دبی متوسط جریان ورودی به مخزن و زمان پر شدن مخزن کمتر از 15 درصد بوده است. همچنین تغییرات زبری بستر آبراهه می‌تواند تا 25 درصد باعث افزایش دبی متوسط ورودی به مخزن جانبی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Experimental study of flood detention basins capacity in unsteady flow conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolreza Zahiri 1
  • Marjan Parsmehr 2
  • Mohammad Bijankhan 3
  • Amir Ahmad Dehghani 4
1 Associated Professor, Dep. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan.
2 Dep. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan.
3 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
4 Dep. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan.
چکیده [English]

Due to increasing negative environmental impacts of storage dams, detention basins have been considered as an alternative solution instead of construction of concrete dams for reduction of flood damage in recent decades. Literature reviews on detention basins show that there are limited numerical and experimental studies in this regard. In this research the effect of bed roughness height of main channel on the inflow discharge has been investigated by considering the effective factors on the efficiency of basins in laboratory of Gorgan University in 2018.  Also, the general ability of using steady flow equations for unsteady flow was investigated by calibrating some of the discharge coefficient equations. For simulation, a metal tank was connected to a channel through a broad side weir. Three bed roughness heights of the flume in the range of 0.06 to 15 mm as well as three lengths of side weirs in the range of 30 to 90 cm were utilized. The experiments were carried out under unsteady flow condition by three inflow hydrographs with peak discharges of 17, 25 and 33 l/s and a base time of 504s. The flow depth was measured instantaneously by transmitter and the average inflowing discharge into the detention pond was calculated. According to the results, use of lateral flow discharge coefficient relationships of the steady flow cannot be generalized for unsteady flow. So, based on dimensional analysis of the Π-Buckingham theory, some relationships have been proposed for calculation of the average inflow rate into the detention pond and also for filling time of the pond. The maximum errors for calculation of the average inflow rate as well as the filling time of the basin were less than 15 percent. Also, increasing the streambed roughness can increase the average inflow rate to the detention basin by 25 percent.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • average inflowing discharge
  • roughness height of bed
  • length of side weir
  • steady flow

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 10
دی 1401
صفحه 2311-2331

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