اثر کاربرد سالیسیلیک‌اسید و کودهای زیستی بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ارقام نخود (Cicer arietinum ) در شرایط دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر سالیسلیک اسید و کودهای زیستی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد چهار رقم نخود در شرایط دیم استان کرمانشاه، آزمایشی در قالب طرح اسپلیت فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1397 در مزرعه مرکز جهاد کشاورزی حمیل از توابع شهرستان اسلام آبادغرب اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه سطح(بدون مصرف، نیم میلی‌مولار و یک میلی‌مولار) محلول‌پاشی سالیسلیک اسید قبل از گلدهی و کاربرد کود بیولوژیک بصورت بذرمال در چهار سطح (شاهد، فسفات بارور 2، پتابارور2 و پتابارور2  و فسفات بارور 2) و چهار رقم نخود ( عادل، منصور، آزکان و گوکسو) و بصورت فاکتوریل در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که کلیه صفات کلروفیلa، کلروفیلb، کلروفیل کل، پرولین، پروتئین محلول، کاتالاز، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در سطح یک درصد تحت تاثیر سالیسیلیک‌اسید و کودهای زیستی قرار گرفتند. همچنین این صفات بجز صفت سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز نیز تحت تاثیر رقم نیز قرار گرفتند. اثر متقابل سالیسلیک اسید و کـودهـای زیستی تـاثیر معنـی‌داری بـر کلروفیلa، کلروفیلb ، کلروفیل کل، پرولین و کاتالاز داشت. بیشترین درصد پرولین و پروتئین‌های محلول در ترکیب همزمان سالیسیلیک‌اسید و کودهای زیستی برای رقم عادل بدست آمد. با کاربرد سالیسیلیک‌اسید یک میلی‌مولار مقدار پرولین6/21 درصد نسبت به عدم کاربرد آن افزایش نشان داد. بطوری که بیشترین مقدار پرولین 0884/0 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تازه برگ مربوط به تیمار کاربرد یک میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید بود.  همچنین بیشـترین میزان آنـزیم کاتـالاز در تیمار عدم مصرف کودهای زیستی (2937/0  واحد آنزیم به ازای هر میلیگرم پروتئین)  و کمترین مقدار مربوط به مصرف توام فسفات بارور۲+پتابارور2 (2290/0 واحد آنزیم به ازای هر میلیگرم پروتئین) بـود. به طوری که میزان آنزیم کاتالاز در تیمارهای کاربرد کودهای زیستی نسبت بـه تیمارهـای مصرف کود، 22درصـد کمتر بود. بنابراین می توان اظهار داشت که استفاده همزمـان از سالیسیلیک‌اسید و کودهای زیستی باعـث افـزایش فعالیت‌های فیزیولوژیکی مذکور میشوند. انچه که از نتایج مشهود است این است که کاربرد توام سالیسیلیک‌اسید و کودهای زیستی بیشترین عملکرد را نسبت به مصرف جداگانه تیمارهای اعمال شده دارا بود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Application of Salicylic Acid and Biofertilizers on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Cultivars in Rainfed Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • hamzeh shirui 1
  • Ali hatami 2
  • Ehsan Zeid Ali 2
  • Yasser Alizadeh 2
1 Ph.D. in Crop Physiology, Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and bio fertilizers on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of chickpea cultivars in the dry conditions of Kermanshah province, an experiment was conducted in the form of split factorial design based on randomized complete blocks in three replications in 2018 in the farm of Homil Agricultural Jihad Center in Islam city. Abad-e gharb was implemented. The experimental treatments include three levels (without use, half mill molar and one mill molar) of salicylic acid foliar spraying before flowering and the application of biological fertilizer as a seed in four levels (control, fertile phosphate 2, Petabaror 2 and Petabaror 2 and fertile phosphate 2) and four chickpea varieties. (Adel, Mansour, Azkan and Gokso) and factorially placed in sub-plots. The results of the variance analysis of the data showed that all traits of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, proline, soluble protein, catalase, superoxide dismutase were affected by salicylic acid and bio fertilizers at the level of 1%, and these traits except the superoxide dismutase trait were also affected by the number. The interaction between salicylic acid and biofertilizers had a significant effect on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, proline and catalase. The highest percentage of proline and soluble proteins was obtained in the simultaneous combination of salicylic acid and biofertilizers for Adel variety. With the use of 1 millimolar salicylic acid, the amount of proline increased by 21.6% compared to its non-use. So that the highest amount of proline was 0.0884 mg/g fresh weight of the leaf related to the treatment of 1 millimolar salicylic acid. Also, the highest amount of catalase enzyme was in the treatment of not using biofertilizers (0.2937 enzyme units per milligram of protein) and the lowest value was related to the combined use of Fertilizer + Petaferyl phosphate (0.2290 enzyme units per milliliter of protein). So that the amount of catalase enzyme was 22% lower in the treatments using biofertilizers compared to the treatments using fertilizers. Therefore, it can be stated that the simultaneous use of salicylic acid and biofertilizers increase the mentioned physiological activities. What is evident from the results is that the combined use of salicylic acid and biofertilizers had the highest performance compared to the separate use of applied treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • soluble proteins
  • proline
  • superoxide dismutase
  • fertile phosphate 2
  • catalase
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