بررسی اثر بیوچار کنوکارپوس بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری مصرف آب سورگوم علوفه‌ای در شرایط محدودیت کمی و کیفی آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط زیست دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز

3 دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب

4 گروه مدیریت منابع آب، دانشگاه واگنینگن، هلند

چکیده

زهاب‌های شور به عنوان یک معضل شناخته می‌شوند، ولی با ایجاد رویکردهای مدیریتی، زهاب می‌تواند با جبران محدودیت منابع آب، همراستا با توسعه پایدار شود. بیوچار یک ماده افزودنی به خاک و رویکردی مدیریتی در کشاورزی است. در این تحقیق اثر سطوح مختلف هدایت الکتریکی آب آبیاری (5/2، 5 و 10 dSm-1، S1، S2 و S3)، بیوچار (صفر، 1 و 2درصد، B0، B1 و B2) و تامین نیاز آبی (60،80، 100 و 120درصد،M1، M2، M3 و M4) به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل اسپیلت پلات در زمان در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی، در سه تکرار طی سال‌های 1398 و 1399 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب سورگوم علوفه ای در سه چین بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد، اثر سطوح مختلف و اثرات متقابل آن‌‌ها، بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری مصرف آب در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار است. بیش‌ترین و کمترین عملکرد تازه در تیمار B2S1M4 و B2S3M1 (52/135 ،52/20 تن در هکتار) حاصل گردید. کمترین بهره‌وری آب علوفه تازه و خشک در تیمار B2S3M3 با مقادیر 5/2 و 91/0 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب بدست آمد. تیمار B2S1M3 و B2S1M2 بیشترین بهره‌وری آب تازه و خشک علوفه را به ترتیب 54/10 و 4/4 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب را داشتند. در شرایط آبیاری با آب‌ شور عملکرد و بهره‌وری علوفه تازه به مقدار بیوچار حساس است، به شکلی که در تامین 100درصد نیازآبی با آب شور (10dSm-1)، افزودن 1 و 2 درصد موجب تغییر 6/2+ و 7/4-درصد در عملکرد و 9/1+ و 2/5-درصد در بهره‌وری مصرف آب علوفه تازه گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effect of Conocarpus Biochar on the Yield and Water Efficiency of Fodder Sorghum under Conditions of Quantitative and Qualitative Water Limitation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Moridsadat 1
  • Amir Soltani Mohammadi 2
  • saeed boromandnasab 3
  • Pieter Van Oel 4
1 Phd Candidate of irrigation and drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
2 Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khuzestan , Iran.
3 Professor Irrigation Dept., Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
4 Water Resources Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands.
چکیده [English]

Saline drainage water are known as a problem, but by creating management approaches, drainage water can be made in line with sustainable development by compensating for the limitation of water resources. Biochar is a soil additive and a management approach in agriculture. In this research, the effect of different levels of irrigation water salinity (2.5, 5 and 10 dSm-1, S1, S2 and S3), biochar (zero, 1 and 2%, B0, B1 and B2) and water supply (60, 80, 100 and 120%, M1, M2, M3 and M4) in the form of factorial split plot experiment in time in the form of randomized complete block, in three replications during the years 2018 and 2019 in the research farm of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, on yield and water efficiency Fodder sorghum was investigated in three harvests. The results showed that the effect of different levels and their interaction effects on the yield and efficiency of fresh and dry sorghum water consumption is significant at the level of 1%. The highest and lowest fresh yields were obtained in B2S1M4 and B2S3M1 treatment (20.52, 135.52 t ha-1). The lowest fresh and dry water productivity of fresh and dry fodder was obtained in B2S3M3 treatment with values of 2.5 and 0.91 kgm-3. Treatments B2S1M3 and B2S1M2 had the highest productivity of fresh and dry fodder water, 10.54 and 4.4 kgm-3, respectively. In irrigation conditions with saline water, the yield and productivity of fresh fodder is sensitive to the amount of biochar, in such a way that in supplying 100% of the water requirement with saline water (10 dSm-1), adding 1 and 2% causes a change of +2.6% and -4.7% in performance and +1.9% and -2.5% in the efficiency of fresh fodder water consumption.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drainage water
  • Ahvaz
  • Lack of irrigation
  • Management approach
Abbasalian, J., Soltani, J., Bahrami Samani, A., Hashemi Garm Dere, S. A., Barzoui, A., & Ahmadvand, M. (2022). Investigating the effect of using biochar and wheat straw on the productivity of irrigation water in barley plants. Water and Irrigation Management, 11(4), 699-711. (In Farsi)
Abbaspour, F., Asghri, H., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Abbasdokht, H., Shabahang, J., & Baig Babaei, A. (2017). Effects of biochar application on yield and yield components of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) under low irrigation conditions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 33(5), 837-852. (In Farsi)
Alburquerque, J. A., Calero, J. M., Barrón, V., Torrent, J., del Campillo, M. C., Gallardo, A., & Villar, R. (2014). Effects of biochars produced from different feedstocks on soil properties and sunflower growth. Journal of plant nutrition and soil science, 177(1), 16-25.
Alipour Babadi, M., Moezi, A., Nowrozi Masir, M., & Khadim Al-Rosoul, A. (2018). The effect of biomass type and pyrolysis temperature on some chemical and physical characteristics of biochar. Iran Water and Soil Research, 49(3), 537-547. (In Farsi)
Alvarez-Campos, O., Lang, T. A., Bhadha, J. H., McCray, J. M., Glaz, B., & Daroub, S. H. (2018). Biochar and mill ash improve yields of sugarcane on a sand soil in Florida. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 253, 122-130.
Ayoub, N. A. (2010). A trimethoxyellagic acid glucuronide from Conocarpus erectus leaves: Isolation, characterization and assay of antioxidant capacity. Pharmaceutical biology, 48(3), 328-332.
Azizi, A., Soltani Mohammadi, A., Naseri, A., & Aghli, H. (2022). Investigating the effect of frankincense fertilizer, bagasse and sugarcane biochar on yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen leaching in summer corn cultivation in Ahvaz. Iran Irrigation and Drainage Journal, 16(1), 109-118.( In Farsi)
Chan, K. Y., Van Zwieten, L., Meszaros, I., Downie, A., & Joseph, S. (2007). Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Soil Research, 45(8), 629-634.
Chen, W., Meng, J., Han, X., Lan, Y., & Zhang, W. (2019). Past, present, and future of biochar. Biochar, 1(1), 75-87.
Cox, J., Hue, N. V., Ahmad, A., & Kobayashi, K. D. (2021). Surface-applied or incorporated biochar and compost combination improves soil fertility, Chinese cabbage and papaya biomass. Biochar, 3(2), 213-227.
Darvishi Aghajani, S. Noormohammadi, Gh. Alavi Fazel,M. Ardakani,M,R. & Sarajooqi ,M. (2021). Investigating the role of biochar and changing the cultivation pattern under irrigation conditions on morphological traits, dry fodder yield and water consumption efficiency of fodder sorghum. Scientific Journal of Crop Physiology, 13(51), 135-157. (In Farsi)
De Sousa Lima, J. R., de Moraes Silva, W., de Medeiros, E. V., Duda, G. P., Corrêa, M. M., Martins Filho, A. P., Hammecker, C. (2018). Effect of biochar on physicochemical properties of a sandy soil and maize growth in a greenhouse experiment. Geoderma, 319, 14-23.
Dehghani Ahmadabadi, M., Shahnazari, A., Firouzabadi, G., & Ardakani, M. (2021). The effect of irrigation management on growth and water use efficiency of maize plant under different levels of biochar. Water Management in Agriculture, 8(1), 67-76.
EL-MAHROUKY, M., El-Naggar, A. H., Usman, A. R., & Al-Wabel, M. (2015). Dynamics of CO2 emission and biochemical properties of a sandy calcareous soil amended with Conocarpus waste and biochar. Pedosphere, 25(1), 46-56.
Elshaikh, N. A., Zhipeng, L., Dongli, S., & Timm, L. C. (2018). Increasing the okra salt threshold value with biochar amendments. Journal of plant interactions, 13(1), 51-63.
Enteshari, Sh., Aras Khalji, M., Seyed Nejad, S. M., Mansour, S., Vaezi, & Jamil. (2014). A comparative study of leaf surface changes and some biochemical factors of two tree plants Conocarpus (Conocarpus erectus L.) and Jumbo (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels.) around the contaminated area of Ahvaz steel industry. Plant Environmental Physiology, 9(34), 22-33. ( In Farsi)
Eshraqinejad, M., Alavi Sini, S., Ayin, A., & Meshaikhi Akbarabad, H. (2021). Introducing the most suitable fodder sorghum variety in the southern region of Kerman. Fodder and animal feed, 2(2), 105-110. (in Farsi)
Fischer, B. M., Manzoni, S., Morillas, L., Garcia, M., Johnson, M. S., & Lyon, S. W. (2019). Improving agricultural water use efficiency with biochar–A synthesis of biochar effects on water storage and fluxes across scales. Science of the Total Environment, 657, 853-862.
Govili, A., Mousavi, A., & Kamgar Haqiqi, A. (2016). Effect of cow manure biochar and moisture stress on growth characteristics and water use efficiency of spinach under greenhouse conditions. Water Research in Agriculture, 30(2), 243-259. (In Farsi)
Hancioglu, N. E., Kurunc, A., Tontul, I., & Topuz, A. (2019). Irrigation water salinity effects on oregano (Origanum onites L.) water use, yield and quality parameters. Scientia Horticulturae, 247, 327-334.
Hossain, M. K., Strezov, V., Chan, K. Y., & Nelson, P. F. (2010). Agronomic properties of wastewater sludge biochar and bioavailability of metals in production of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Chemosphere, 78(9), 1167-1171.
Huang, R.-d. (2018). Research progress on plant tolerance to soil salinity and alkalinity in sorghum. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(4), 739-746.
Jeffery, S., Verheijen, F. G., van der Velde, M., & Bastos, A. C. (2011). A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 144(1), 175-187.
Joardar, J., Razir, S., Islam, M., & Kobir, M. (2018). Salinity impacts on experimental fodder sorghum production. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 16(1), 145-155.
Kazemizadeh, M., Naseri, A., Houshmand, A., Gulabi, M., & Maskerbashi, M. (2020). Investigating the effect of biochar and hydrochar (sugarcane bagasse) on yield, water efficiency and nitrogen leaching in corn cultivation. Iran Water and Soil Research, 51(3), 753-7.(In Farsi)
Kikhani, F., Ganji Khorramdel, N., Farzan Jo, M., Kikha, G., Thaghafi, K., & Kikha, M. (2018). Investigating the effect of low irrigation on the quantitative yield and water consumption efficiency of fodder sorghum in Sistan region. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 24(1), 41-49. (In Farsi)
Liu, X., Wei, Z., Ma, Y., Liu, J., & Liu, F. (2021). Effects of biochar amendment and reduced irrigation on growth, physiology, water-use efficiency and nutrients uptake of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) on two different soil types. Science of the Total Environment, 770, 144769, 1-11.
Mannan, M., Mia, S., Halder, E., & Dijkstra, F. A. (2021). Biochar application rate does not improve plant water availability in soybean under drought stress. Agricultural Water Management, 253, 106940, 1-8.
Mir, E., Piri, H., & Naserin, A. (2021). Effects of Different Levels of Wheat Biochar and Water Stress on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Carla (Bitter Melon) in Potted Conditions. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 35(2), 169-185.
Miri, F., Zamani, J., & Zarebanadkouki, M. (2021). The Effect of Different Levels of Pistachio Harvesting Wastes Biochar on Growth and Water Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.). Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 52(1), 227-236.
Mukherjee, A., Zimmerman, A., Hamdan, R., & Cooper, W. (2014). Physicochemical changes in pyrogenic organic matter (biochar) after 15 months of field aging. Solid Earth, 5(2), 693-704.
Najafinejad, H., Javaheri, M. A., Kohi, N., & Shakri, P.(2018). Yield and quality of fodder and water consumption efficiency of kosher, millet, sorghum and corn under water stress conditions. Seedling and Seed Agronomy Journal, (35) 2: 261-283. (In Farsi)
Nikravesh, I., Boroomandnasab, S., Naseri, A., & Mohamadi, A. (2018). Investigating the effect of wheat straw Biochar and Hydrochar on physical properties of a Sandy Loam soil. Journal of Water and Soil, 32(2),387-397. (In Farsi)
Noroozi, M., Chavoshie, E., & Ghajar Sepanlou, M. (2022). Effect of irrigation water salinity on relative yield and some morphological and physiological characteristics of Sorghum. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 36(1), 55-73. (In Farsi)
Novak, J. M., Busscher, W. J., Watts, D. W., Laird, D. A., Ahmedna, M. A., & Niandou, M. A. (2010). Short-term CO2 mineralization after additions of biochar and switchgrass to a Typic Kandiudult. Geoderma, 154(3-4), 281-288.
Oladele, S., Adeyemo, A., & Awodun, M. (2019). Influence of rice husk biochar and inorganic fertilizer on soil nutrients availability and rain-fed rice yield in two contrasting soils. Geoderma, 336, 1-11.
Piri, H., Ansari,P. (2016). Investigating the quantitative and qualitative performance of fodder sorghum at different levels of salinity and irrigation water in the subsurface drip irrigation system. Water Research in Agriculture, 30(4), 467-482. (In Farsi)
Rafii M. (2018). The effect of planting time on the growth and yield of fodder sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor L.) in the second crop in the temperate zone of Lorestan province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences of Iran, 20(3), 180-192. ( In Farsi)
Reyes-Cabrera, J., Leon, R. G., Erickson, J. E., Rowland, D. L., Silveira, M. L., & Morgan, K. T. (2017). Differences in biomass and water dynamics between a cotton-peanut rotation and a sweet sorghum bioenergy crop with and without biochar and vinasse as soil amendments. Field Crops Research, 214, 123-130.
Rezaie, N., Razzaghi, F., Sepaskhah, A., & Moosavi, S. (2018). Effect of Biochar and Saline Irrigation Water on Chemical Properties of Soil under Fababean Cultivation. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 32(1), 13-24.
Shahidi, A., F. Bahrami, Mod, M. H. N., & Siuki, A. Kh. (2020). Determining the best function of water production-performance and evaluation of cotton production indicators of Varamin and Khordad cultivars in Sarayan region of South Khorasan. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 14(1), 301-. (In Farsi)
Usman, A. R. A., Al-Wabel, M. I., Abdulaziz, A.-H., Mahmoud, W.-A., EL-Naggar, A. H., Ahmad, M., Abdulrasoul, A.-O. (2016). Conocarpus biochar induces changes in soil nutrient availability and tomato growth under saline irrigation. Pedosphere, 26(1), 27-38.
Yuan, C., Feng, S., Wang, J., Huo, Z., & Ji, Q. (2018). Effects of irrigation water salinity on soil salt content distribution, soil physical properties and water use efficiency of maize for seed production in arid Northwest China. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 11(3), 137-145.
Zhang, X., Qu, J., Li, H., La, S., Tian, Y., & Gao, L. (2020). Biochar addition combined with daily fertigation improves overall soil quality and enhances water-fertilizer productivity of cucumber in alkaline soils of a semi-arid region. Geoderma, 363, 114170,1-10.