تعیین بازدهی و بهره‌وری آب در تولید محصولات باغی در سامانه آبیاری قطره‌ای (مورد مطالعه: ایستگاه‌های تحقیقات باغبانی استان البرز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 3- استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی ، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

3 محقق موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

تعیین میزان بازدهی و بهره‌وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی سامانه آبیاری قطره‌ای در محصولات باغی، در گسترش و استفاده از این سامانه جهت بهینه‌سازی مصرف آب نقش موثری دارد. به همین منظور تحقیق حاضر، تحت شرایط تحقیقاتی در ایستگاه‌های تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی در استان البرز و طی سال‌های 1398-1395 انجام شد. در این پژوهش، به منظور برآورد بازدهی تولیدات باغی از معیارهای درآمد ناخالص، درصد بازده فروش و درصد بازگشت سرمایه و برای سنجش شاخص‌های بهره‌وری آب از تحلیل بهره‌وری فیزیکی و بهره‌وری اقتصادی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد، در ایستگاه کمال‌شهر طی دوره 1398-1396، میانگین بهره‌وری فیزیکی آب آبیاری مصرفی در ژنوتیپ‌های سیب و گلابی به-ترتیب 75/2 و 7/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و میانگین بهره‌وری اقتصادی آب ناشی از سود حاصل از تولید محصولات باغی در ژنوتیپ‌های سیب و گلابی به‌ترتیب 5/39990 و 7/211486 ریال بر مترمکعب آب تعیین شد. در ایستگاه مشکین‌دشت طی دوره 1398-1395، میانگین بهره‌وری فیزیکی آب آبیاری مصرفی در ژنوتیپ‌های آلبالو، گیلاس، هلو و سیب به‌ترتیب 08/1، 99/0، 69/1 و 61/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و میانگین بهره‌وری اقتصادی آب ناشی از سود حاصل از تولید محصولات باغی در ژنوتیپ‌های آلبالو، گیلاس، هلو و سیب به‌ترتیب  8/1.6174، 8/95127، 3/25236 و 2/23011 ریال بر مترمکعب مشخص شد. نتایج این مطالعه حاکی از وضعیت مطلوب میانگین بهره‌وری اقتصادی آب ناشی از سود حاصل از تولید سیب و گلابی در ایستگاه کمال‌شهر در مقایسه با نتایج حاصل از مطالعات صورت گرفته در برخی نقاط کشور است، اما به طور کلی بهره‌وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی آب در تولید محصولات به ویژه سیب، گلابی و هلو در این ایستگاه‌ها در مقایسه با میانگین حاصل در برخی کشورهای مطالعه شده، بسیار پایین‌تر بوده است که بررسی دلایل آن با استفاده از مطالعات تطبیقی و شناسایی راهکارهای افزایش بهره‌وری آب در تولید این محصولات در این ایستگاه‌ها پیشنهاد می‌شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the Return and Water Productivity in Drip Irrigation System in Horticultural Production: A Case Study of Horticultural Research Stations in Alborz Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Mahmoodi 1
  • Hormoz Asadi 1
  • Shojaat Zare 2
  • Kourosh Zandifar 3
  • Valiallah Rasouli 4
1 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resource Center of Razavi Khorasan province, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO ), Mashhad, Iran.
3 Researcher of Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension, Karaj, Iran
4 Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The main purpose of this study was to determine the return and physical and economical water productivity in the production of horticultural products using drip irrigation system under research conditions in Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI) in Alborz province during 2016-2019. In this study, the return criteria including; gross income, the percentage of sale return and the percentage of investment return, and also physical and economical productivity analysis were used to measure water productivity. According to the results, during 2017-2019, the average physical productivity of irrigation water in apple and pear genotypes was determined to be 2.75 and 1.7 kg/m3, respectively. The average economic productivity of water resulting from the gross profit of horticultural products in apple and pear genotypes was determined to be 39990.5 and 211486.7 Rials/m3 respectively, in Kamalshahr station. Results also showed that in 2016-2019, the average physical productivity of irrigation water in production of sour cherry, cherry, peach and apple genotypes was 1.08, 0.99, 1.69 and 1.61 kg/m3, respectively, and the average economic productivity of water based on gross profit of horticultural products in the genotypes of sour cherry, cherry, peach and apple were determined to be 106174.8, 95127.8, 25236.3 and 23011.2 Rials/m3, respectively, in Meshkindasht. The results of this study indicated the favorable state of the average economic productivity of water resulted from the profit of the production of apples and pears in Kamal Shahr station compared to the results of studies conducted in some parts of the country. However, in these stations the physical and economic productivity of water in the production of apple, pear and peach, have been generally much lower compared to the average ones resulted in some studied countries. So, investigation of their reasons using comparative studies and identifying strategies to increase water productivity in the production of these products at these research stations is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Physical and economic productivity
  • Drip irrigation return
  • Horticultural products
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