تحلیل محدودیت‎های اراضی و تعیین درجه تناسب آن‌ها برای کشت غلات در اراضی تحت کشت آبی کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات ارزیابی اراضی، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، اموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، اموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 مربی پژوهش بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

5 استادیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

چکیده

طبقه‎بندی تناسب اراضی یک روش مدیریتی مفید برای اطمینان از استفاده برنامه‎ریزی شده و پایدار اراضی کشاورزی با توجه به پتانسیل‎هایشان است. بنابراین اراضی دشت‎های آبی کشور طی سالهای 1395تا1400برای گندم، جو، ذرت‎دانه‎ای، برنج و تریتیکاله مورد ارزیابی تناسب اراضی قرار گرفت. نتایج مشخص کرد که برای کشت گندم، 1/4 میلیون هکتار ازاراضی در کلاس بسیارمناسب(S1)،2/08میلیون هکتار در کلاس تناسب متوسط(S2)،1/4 میلیون هکتار در کلاس تناسب بحرانی (S3)،اراضی به مساحت 524 هزار هکتار در کلاس نامناسب درحال حاضر(N1) و 503 هزار هکتار در کلاس نامناسب دائمی(N2) می‎باشند.در مورد جو، حدود 1/3 میلیون هکتار در کلاسS1،م2.2میلیون هکتار در کلاس S2 و اراضی کلاس S3 به مساحت 1/3 میلیون هکتار، حدود 501 هزار هکتار در کلاس N1 و 489 هزار هکتار در کلاس N2، قرار گرفته است. حدود 39 هزار هکتار برای ذرت دانه ‎ای در کلاس S1، م1/1میلیون هکتار در کلاسS2، اراضی کلاسS3 به مساحت 1/6 میلیون هکتار، 853 هزار هکتار در کلاس N1 و 999 هزار هکتار در کلاس N2 قرار گرفته ‎اند. برای کشت برنج، 310 هزار هکتار در کلاس S2، اراضی کلاس S3 به مساحت 5/1 میلیون هکتار، 877 هزار هکتار در کلاس N1 و 949 هزار هکتار در کلاس نامناسب N2 قرار دارند. اراضی به وسعت 127 هزار هکتار برای تریتیکاله در کلاس S1، حدود 549 هزار هکتار در کلاس S2، اراضی کلاس S3 به مساحت 325 هزار هکتار، حدود 97 هزار هکتار در کلاس N1 و 83 هزار هکتار در کلاس N2 قرار گرفته است. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‎ ها نشان داد که تفکیک کلاس‎های تناسب اراضی برای همه محصولات دارای دقت قابل قبول می‎باشد. عمده‎ترین مشخصه‎های محدودکننده؛ بافت، شوری/قلیائیت، شیب، زهکشی و در برخی مناطق مشخصه‎های اقلیمی می‎باشد. با توجه به متمایز شدن اراضی مناسب از نامناسب، به کارگیری نتایج می‎تواند در جهت برنامه‎ریزی درست برای بهره‎برداری و تولید پایدار موثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing Land Limitations and Determining Their Degree of Suitability for Cereals Cultivation in the Irrigated Plains of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Seyedmohammadi 1
  • Mir Naser Navidi 2
  • seyedalireza seyedjalali 3
  • Asghar Farajnia 4
  • shahrokh fatehi 5
1 Assistant Prof., Land Evaluation Dept., Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
4 Research instructor of Soil and Water Research Department, East Azarbyjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
5 Assistant Prof., Soil and Water Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Land suitability classification is a useful management method to ensure using the planned and sustainable agricultural land according to their potential. Therefore, the suitability of irrigated plains in Iran was evaluated for wheat, barley, grain maize, rice and triticale in the years 2017 to 2022. The results showed that 1.4 million ha of the studied lands for wheat are in highly suitable class (S1), 2.8 million ha in moderately suitable class (S2), 1.39 million ha in marginally suitable class (S3), lands with an area of 524,531 ha in currently unsuitable class (N1) and 199,503 ha in permanently unsuitable class (N2). For barley, about 1.3 million ha are in S1 class, 2.2 million ha in S2 class, S3 class lands with an area of 1.3 million ha, about 501 thousand ha in N1 class and 489 thousand ha in N2 class. About 39 thousand ha for grain maize are in S1 class, 1.1 million ha in S2 class, S3 class lands with an area of 1.6 million ha, 853 thousand ha in N1 class and 999 thousand ha in N2 class. For rice cultivation, there are 310 thousand ha of land in S2 class, S3 class lands with 1.5 million ha, 877 thousand ha in N1 class and 949 thousand ha in unsuitable N2 class. There are 127,000 ha of land for Triticale in S1 class, about 549,000 ha in S2 class, 323,000 ha of land in S3 class, about 97,000 ha in N1 class and 83,000 ha in N2 class. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the separation of land suitability classes for all crops has acceptable accuracy. The main limiting characteristics were; texture, salinity/alkalinity, slope, drainage and in some areas climatic characteristics. With regard to the distinction of suitable and unsuitable lands, the application of the obtained results can be effective into correct programming for sustainable exploitation, production and cultivation pattern development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cereals
  • Land limitations
  • Land potential
  • Land suitability
  • Sustainable agricultural
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