تأثیر باکتری‌های محرک رشد بر صفات زراعی و کیفی ارقام مختلف سیب‌زمینی تحت تنش کم‌آبی در شرایط گلخانه‌ای و مزرعه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه ، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

4 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر باکتری­های محرک رشد بر روی صفات زراعی و کیفی ارقام مختلف سیب­زمینی تحت تنش کم‌آبی و بررسی تأثیرشان بر شاخص­های تحمل در شرایط گلخانه­ای و مزرعه‌ای آزمایشی در سال 1397 به اجرا درآمد. در بخش مزرعه­ای ترکیب اینتروباکترکولاسه در 100 درصد نیاز آبی در رقم جلی با میانگین­های 53/48 تن در هکتار و 87/7 کیلوگرم در مترمکعب بیشترین و ترکیب بدون باکتری در60 درصد نیاز آبی در رقم میلوا با میانگین­های 40/23 تن در هکتار و 8/3 کیلوگرم در هکتار کمترین عملکرد غده و کارایی مصرف آب را در بین تیمارهای مورد ارزیابی به خود اختصاص دادند در واقع کاربرد باکتری از نوع اینتروباکترکولاسه در کنار استفاده از نیاز آبی به میزان 100 درصد نسبت به عدم استفاده از باکتری محرک رشد در شرایط 60 درصد نیاز آبی باعث افزایش 78/51 و 72/51 درصدی عملکرد غده و کارایی مصرف آب گردید. شاخص­های تحمل و حساسیت به تنش محدودیت آبی در مزرعه نشان داد که از نظر شاخص TOL در شرایط تنش ملایم رقم جلی و در شرایط تنش شدید رقم آگریا در شرایط شاهد نسبت به سایر شرایط دارای مقدار TOL کمتری بود، همچنین در شرایط تنش ملایم از نظر شاخص‌هایYP, MP  و GMP رقم جلی در شرایطی که از باکتری محرک رشد اینتروباکترکولاسه استفاده گردید دارای برتری نسبت به شاهد و باکتری آزوسپیریلوم بوده و نسبت به تنش ایجاد شده تحمل نشان داد و نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر در شرایط تنش ملایم تحمل بیشتری را داشته است. در کل در شرایط آزمایشگاهی، گلخانه‌ای و مزرعه‌ای، تنش کم­آبی باعث کاهش صفات مورد ارزیابی گردید. کاربرد باکتری اینترباکترکولاسه نسبت به عدم کاربرد آن در بهبود صفات مورد ارزیابی مؤثر بوده و باعث افزایش اکثر صفات مورد ارزیابی در این پژوهش شد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of growth-promoting bacteria on the quantitative and qualitative agricultural traits of various cultivars of Solanum tuberosum under drought stress in the greenhouse and garden conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahmat Nouri Shahali‌-Baighlou 1
  • Jalil Ajali 2
  • Davoud Hassanpanah 3
  • Ali Faramarzi 4
  • Naser Mohebealipour 2
1 Ph.D. Student of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Ardabil,
4 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
چکیده [English]

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is one of the tuberous products that plays an important role in the nutrition of the world's people, therefore, in order to investigate the effect of growth-promoting bacteria on the agronomic and qualitative traits of different potato cultivars, an experiment was carried out.  The conducted research in 2018 examined the effect of growth-promoting bacteria on the quantitative and qualitative agricultural traits of various cultivars of Solanum tuberosum under drought stress in greenhouse and garden conditions.  In the garden part, the hybrid of Enterobacter cloacae bacterium × 100% water requirements × Jelly cultivar with means of 48.53 ton/ha and 7.87 kg/m3 had the maximum tuber yield and water productivity, and the hybrid of no bacteria × 60% water requirements × Milva cultivar with means of 23.40 ton/ha and 3.8 kg/ha had the minimum tuber yield and water productivity among the treatments. Actually, using Enterobacter cloacae bacterium in addition to 100% water requirement increased tuber yield and water productivity up to 51.78 and 51.72%, respectively, compared to the no growth-promotion bacterium × 60% water requirements.  The indexes of tolerance (TOL) and sensitivity to water scarcity stress in the garden showed that Jelly cultivar in mild stress condition, Agria cultivar in severe stress condition in control treatment had minimum TOL than the other conditions according to TOL index. In addition, Jelly cultivar, when Enterobacter cloacae is used as a growth-promoting bacterium, was superior to the control treatment and use of Azospirillum bacteria according to YP, MP, and GMP indexes. It showed tolerance against the made stress and had a higher tolerance than the two other treatments in mild stress conditions.  In general, in laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions, water deficit stress caused the reduction of the evaluated traits. The use of Interbacterculase bacteria was effective in improving the proposed traits compared to its non-use bacteria and caused increasing in most of the proposed traits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Solanum tuberosum
  • growth-promoting bacterium
  • drought stress
  • agricultural traits
  • qualitative

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Introduction

 With the continuous increase in the world's population, the need for food is increasing day by day at a tremendous speed. The World Food Organization has announced that the world's population will reach more than 9.8 billion people by 2050, which requires efforts and follow-up in the fields of agriculture and science to provide food for this population. Despite significant progress in the last three decades, the annual food consumption has only increased by about 20%. According to the available estimates, by 2050, the production of food products in developing countries should be 70% more than the current production in order to keep pace with the growing population and meet their needs. One of the strategies that helps to reduce this risk is to change food production towards the production of basic nutritious products such as potatoes, which are less sensitive to changes in international markets. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is one of the tuberous products that plays an important role in the nutrition of the world's people, therefore, in order to investigate the effect of growth-promoting bacteria on the agronomic and qualitative traits of different potato cultivars, an experiment was carried out.

 

Research Method

The conducted research in 2018 examined the effect of growth-promoting bacteria on the quantitative and qualitative agricultural traits of various cultivars of Solanum tuberosum under drought stress in greenhouse and garden conditions. The amount of soil moisture to start irrigation was considered to be 21.147% based on the calculations made at the test site. The percentage of soil moisture in the test site during the potato growth period was measured using a PMS-714 portable moisture meter made in Taiwan. In order to analyze the treatments tested in this research, the data obtained from sampling and measurements were taken, and during the test period for the various studied traits, the normality test was first performed, the analysis of variance for The data obtained from the measurement of the studied traits and mean comparisons were done based on the LSD test using SAS 9.1 software, and graphs were drawn with EXCEL software.

 

Findings

In the garden part, the hybrid of Enterobacter cloacae bacterium × 100% water requirements × Jelly cultivar with means of 48.53 ton/ha and 7.87 kg/m3 had the maximum tuber yield, and the hybrid of no bacteria × 60% water requirements × Milva cultivar with means of 23.40 ton/ha and 3.8 kg/ha had the minimum tuber yield and water consumption efficiency among the tested treatments. Actually, using Enterobacter cloacae bacterium in addition to 100% water requirement increased tuber yield and water consumption efficiency up to 51.78 and 51.72%, respectively, than not using growth-promotion bacterium × 60% water requirements. The indexes of tolerance (TOL) and sensitivity to the water scarcity stress in the garden showed that Jelly cultivar in mild stress condition, Agria cultivar in severe stress condition in control treatment had minimum TOL than the other conditions according to TOL index. In addition, Jelly cultivar, if Enterobacter cloacae is used as a growth-promoting bacterium, was superior to the control treatment and use of Azospirillum bacteria according to YP, MP, and GMP indexes. It showed tolerance against the made stress and had a higher tolerance than two other treatments in mild stress conditions.

 

Conclusion

 In general, in laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions, water deficit stress caused the reduction of the evaluated traits. The use of Interbacterculase bacteria was effective in improving the evaluated traits compared to its non-use and caused the increase of most of the evaluated traits in this research.

 

 

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 54، شماره 1
فروردین 1402
صفحه 223-243

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