اثر نوع، اندازه ذرات و سطوح کاربرد بیوچار بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی در یک خاک لوم رسی سیلتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 بخش علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

کاربرد بیوچار به عنوان یک روش اصلاح ویژگی‌های خاک در راستای کشاورزی پایدار پیشنهاد شده است. البته میزان این تاثیر به ویژگی‌های خاک و بیوچار کاربردی بستگی دارد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات منفرد و متقابل منابع، مقادیر و اندازه ذرات بیوچار بر جرم ویژه ظاهری خاک، پایداری خاکدانه‌ها، مقاومت نفوذی و مقاومت برشی در یک خاک لوم رسی سیلتی بود. بدین منظور بیوچار تهیه شده از گرماکافت برگ نخل و تفاله لیموترش در دمای 500 درجه سلسیوس در سه کلاس اندازه‌ ذرات 4-2 ، 2-8/0 و کوچک‌تر از 8/0 میلی‌متر با نسبت‌های 0، 5/0، 1، 2 و 4 درصد وزنی با خاک مخلوط شدند. پس از 15 ماه انکوباسیون (1399-1398) در شرایط استاندارد در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، ویژگی‌های مذکور با روش‌های استاندارد اندازه‌گیری شدند. به‌طور کلی بیوچار سبب کاهش معنی‌دار (01/0>P) جرم ویژه ظاهری خاک، مقاومت نفوذی و مقاومت برشی و افزایش معنی‌دار پایداری خاکدانه‌ها در مقایسه با شاهد شد. بیوچار برگ نخل در مقایسه با بیوچار تفاله لیمو از نظر بهبود ویژگی‌های خاک، عملکرد بهتری داشت. به‌طور میانگین با افزایش سطوح بیوچار به 4 درصد، جرم ویژه ظاهری 5/14 درصد، مقاومت نفوذی 85 درصد و مقاومت برشی 8/59 درصد کاهش و پایداری خاکدانه‌ها 5/50 درصد افزایش یافت. بیش‌ترین تاثیر بیوچار بر پایداری خاکدانه‌ها و مقاومت فروروی با ذرات بیوچار کوچک-تر از 8/0 میلی‌متر بدست آمد. با تغییر اندازه ذرات بیوچار، تغییرات قابل توجهی در جرم ویژه ظاهری و مقاومت برشی ایجاد نشد. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، می‌توان با انتخاب اندازه ذرات و سطوح کاربرد مناسب از هر نوع منبع بیوچار، بهترین عملکرد در بهبود ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک را بدست آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Type, Particle Size and Application Rate of Biochar on Some Physical Properties in a Silty Clay Loam Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Yekzaban 1
  • Ali Akbar Moosavi 2
  • Abdolmajid Sameni 2
  • Mahrooz Rezaei 2
1 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Biochar application has been proposed as a suitable amendment for soil properties to sustainable agriculture. However, its effect depends on biochar application and soil properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sole and combined effects of different sources, rates and particle size of biochar on soil bulk density, aggregate stability, penetration resistance and shear strength in a silty clay loam soil. Palm leaf and lemon peel biochar prepared at a pyrolysis temperature of 500∘C with three particle sizes 2–4, 0.8-2 and smaller than 0.8 mm, mixed in the soil at application rates of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 % (by weight). After 15 months (2019 to 2020) incubation at standard condition in research glasshouse of faculty of agriculture Shiraz University, soil properties analyzed by standard methods. In general, the applied biochar decreased soil bulk density, penetration resistance, and shear strength and increased aggregate stability significantly, as compared to the control. Palm leaf biochar played better roles in improving soil properties as compared to lemon peel biochar. On average, by increasing biochar rates to 4%, the soil bulk density, penetration resistance and shear strength decreased by 14.5, 85 and 59.8% respectively and the aggregate stability increased by 50.5%. The greatest effect of biochar was obtained at particle size smaller than 0.8 mm for aggregate stability and penetration resistance. Bulk density and tension strength of the soil did not considerably change using different particle size of biochar. Base on the results, improvement in soil physical properties can be accomplished by application of appropriate particle size and rate of different sources of biochar.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aggregate stability
  • Penetration resistance
  • Shear strength
  • Soil Amendment
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