تعیین الگوهای زهکشی جریان با استفاده از روش درخت فرکتال (مطالعه موردی: زیرحوضه زرینه‌رود در استان کردستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

رفتار بسیاری از پدیده­های طبیعی با پیچیدگی بسیار، مانند رودخانه­ها را می­توان با هندسه درخت فرکتال تحلیل نمود. زیرحوضه آبریز زرینه­رود در استان کردستان یکی از پرآب­ترین زیرحوضه­های حوضه آبریز دریاچه ارومیه می‏باشد که وضعیت هیدرولوژیکی آن تاثیر بسیاری بر روی مدیریت رواناب و جریان­های پایین دست دارد، بنابراین بررسی ویژگی­های فیزیوگرافی این حوضه آبریز با استفاده از روش درخت فرکتال در این تحقیق از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. در پژوهش حاضر به بررسی رفتار فرکتالی زیرحوضه آبریز زرینه­رود در استان کردستان، با استفاده از لایه‏های  GIS آبراهه­ها، نقشه DEM و بکارگیری قوانین استراهلر، هاک، هورتن و هندسه درخت فرکتال به روش ریچاردسون، پرداخته شده است. بر اساس قانون استراهلر مشخص شد که 5 درجه آبراهه در منطقه وجود دارد. بر اساس قانون هاک، مشخص شد، شیب خط روند حوضه تا حدی تند می­باشد و این نشان از فرسایش نسبتا زیاد در محدوده مطالعاتی حوضه آبریز زرینه­رود می­باشد. مطابق قانون هورتن فاکتور فرم در حدفاصل آبراهه­های درجه 1 و 2 کاهش یافته و برای آبراهه­های با رتبه 3 و بالاتر تقریبا یکسان می­باشد. علاوه بر این ساختار فرکتالی نشان می­دهد که در محدوده آبراهه­های رتبه 2 و بالاتر رفتار فرکتالی وجود دارد. در نهایت بر اساس روش ریچارسون، بعد فرکتالی حوضه آبریز مورد بررسی در رنج 837/1-695/1 محاسبه شد که بخش قابل توجهی از فضای حوضه این ویژگی را دارند. علاوه بر این نتایج نشان داد که بعد فرکتالی بدست آمده برای آبراهه‏های رتبه 4 با روش هورتون برابر 67/1 بوده که با نتایج بدست آمده از روش ریچاردسون مطابقت دارد. در نهایت می­توان گفت با توجه به موقعیت توپوگرافی، آب و هوایی و شرایط هیدرولوژیکی ویژه­­ی زیر حوضه آبریز زیرینه­رود، می­توان شناسایی رفتار هیدرولوژیکی رودخانه، به برنامه­­ریزان و تصمیم گیرندگان کشور در جهت مدیریت بهتر این حوضه کمک نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of flow drainage patterns using fractal tree method (Case study: Zarrineh Rud sub-basin in Kurdistan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi SaniKhani 1
  • Babak Amirataee 2
1 Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Orumiyeh, Iran
چکیده [English]

The behavior of many complex natural phenomena, such as rivers, can be analyzed by fractal tree geometry. Zarrineh Rud sub-basin in Kurdistan province is one of the most watery basins of Urmia basin, which hydrological condition has a great impact on runoff management and downstream flows. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of this basin using fractal geometry. In the present study, the fractal behavior of Zarrineh rud basin in Kurdistan province has been investigated using GIS layers of stream, DEM map, and application of Strahler, Hack, Horton and fractal tree geometry by Richardson method. According to Hack's law, the slope of the basin trend line is high and this indicates a relatively high erosion in the Zarrineh Rud basin. According to Horton's law, the form factor decreases between stream order 1 and 2 and is almost the same for stream order 3 and higher. In addition, the fractal structure indicates that there is a fractal behavior in the range of stream order 2 and higher. Finally, based on the Richardson method, the fractal dimension of the basin was calculated in the range of 1.695- 1.837, which includes a significant part of the basin space. In addition, the results indicated that the fractal dimension obtained for the stream order 4 by the Horton method was 1.67, which is consistent with the results obtained by the Richardson method. Finally, it can be mentioned that, considering the special topography, climate, and hydrologic conditions of Zarrineh rud sub-basin, it is possible to help the country's planners and decision-makers to better manage this basin by identifying the hydrological behavior of the river.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drainage network
  • Zarrineh Rud basin
  • Strahler's law
  • Horton's law
  • fractal tree
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