بررسی روابط بین مشخصه‌های هیدرومورفولوژیکی و هیدرولوژیکی بر میزان مطلوبیت زیستگاه تحت سناریوهای تغییر رژیم جریان زیست‌محیطی مبتنی بر احیای اکوسیستم رودخانه کردان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آب ، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی آب وخاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

3 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زارعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

4 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

5 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

6 استادیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران.

چکیده

   احیای رودخانه، حفظ حیات طبیعی و بوم شناختی رودخانه در کنار بهره‌برداری از آن برای مصارف مختلف، یکی از برجسته‌ترین حوزه‌های علمی کاربردی منابع آب است. تأمین جریان زیست‌محیطی، به­عنوان ابزاری برجسته برای کاهش تأثیرات منفی تنظیم رودخانه و حفاظت، احیا و بهبود کیفیت زیستگاه رودخانه‌های طبیعی در مدیریت حوزه‌های آبخیز و مدیریت یکپارچه منابع آب، شناخته شده است. در این مطالعه، به­منظور ارزیابی و برآورد رژیم جریان زیست‌محیطی رودخانه کردان، روش منحنی تداوم جریان بر اساس آمار هیدرولوژیکی ایستگاه هیدرومتری در طول دوره آماری 35 ساله (از سال آبی 1365 تا 1399) و مدل هیدرومورفواکولوژیکی MesoHABSIM، بر پایه مطالعات و مشاهدات میدانی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند و مطابق با آن، مطلوبیت زیستگاه در دسترس گونه ماهی هدف در سناریوهای مختلف رژیم جریان، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد توزیع حداقل میزان جریان اکولوژیکی در طول سال، نسبتا یکنواخت و در محدوده جریان پایه رودخانه است (حداکثر مقدار 8/1 مترمکعب بر ثانیه در ماه فروردین و حداقل 3/0 مترمکعب بر ثانیه در ماه مهر). با این حال، توزیع جریان مطلوب اکولوژیکی برای فراهم کردن زیستگاه‌های هیدرومورفولوژیکی مطلوب در طول سال، نابرابر است. همچنین حداکثر مقدار مورد نیاز جریان اکولوژیکی مطلوب در اردیبهشت برابر با 6/3 مترمکعب بر ثانیه و کمترین مقدار جریان اکولوژیکی مطلوب در مهر برابر با 7/0 مترمکعب بر ثانیه است. از طرفی دیگر، با توجه به تجزیه و تحلیل صورت گرفته، در بیشتر اوقات سال، دبی کمتر از میانگین جریان سالانه در رودخانه مورد مطالعه که برابر 95/3 مترمکعب برثانیه می باشد، جاری است و این در حالی است که این جریان‌ها برای تامین نیازهای اکولوژیکی آبزیان، ناکافی است. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان می‌دهد که تغییرات هیدرومورفولوژی رودخانه کردان در اثر تنظیم طولانی‌مدت جریان رودخانه، منجر به تغییر در توزیع زیستگاه‌های مطلوب مورفولوژیکی می‌شود. قابل ذکر است مدل‌ MesoHABSIM، مطلوبیت و در دسترس بودن زیستگاه گونه‌های ماهی را برای سناریوهای مختلف رژیم جریان و مورفولوژی رودخانه را به خوبی شبیه‌سازی کرده و نیز در پروژه‌های احیای اکولوژیکی رودخانه و تعیین جریان‌ زیست‌محیطی، می‌تواند کاربرد داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Relationships between Hydromorphological and Hydrological Characteristics on Habitat Suitability under Scenarios of Changing the Environmental Flow Regime based on Kordan River Ecosystem Restoration

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad hasan naderi 1
  • Masoud Pourgholam-Amiji 2
  • Mojtaba Khoshravesh 3
  • Meysam Salarijazi 4
  • efat mohammadi 5
  • mohammad Gholizade 6
1 M.Sc. of Water Resources Engineering, and Ecohydraulic researcher of river habitats, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan
5 M.Sc. of Water Resources Engineering, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.
6 Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

River restoration and protection of the natural and ecological life of the river in besides to using it for various purposes is one of the most prominent areas of applied water resources science. Environmental flow provision is recognized as a prominent tool to reduce the negative effects of regulation river flow and conservation, restoration, and improvement of natural river habitat quality in watershed management and integrated water resources management. In this study, in order to evaluate and estimate the environmental flow regime of Kordan River, the Flow Duration Curve method based on hydrological statistics of the hydrometric station during the 35-year statistical period (1985-2020) and MesoHABSIM hydromorphocological model based on field studies and observations were used and accordingly, the available habitat suitability of the target fish species in different scenarios of the flow regime was examined. The results showed that the distribution of the minimum amount of ecological flow during the year is relatively uniform and within the river basin flow range (maximum of 1.8 m3/s in April and minimum of 0.3 m3/s in October). However, the optimal ecological flow distribution to provide optimal hydromorphological habitats throughout the year is unequal. Also, the maximum required amount of optimal ecological flow in May is equal to 3.6 m3/s, and the minimum amount of optimal ecological flow in October is equal to 0.7 m3/s. On the other hand, according to the analysis, at most times of the year, flow less than the average annual flow in the studied river which is equal to 3.95 m3/s, while these flows are insufficient to meet the ecological needs of aquatic. The results of the present study show that changes in the hydromorphology of Kordan River due to long-term regulation of river flow, lead to changes in the distribution of optimal morphological habitats. It is noteworthy that the MesoHABSIM model simulates the desirability and availability of fish species habitats for different scenarios of flow regime and river morphology and can also be used in river ecological restoration projects and environmental flow determination.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Habitat Suitability Curve
  • Natural Flow Regime
  • River Ecology
  • Regulation River Flow
  • Water Resources

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 52، شماره 11
بهمن 1400
صفحه 2789-2814

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