ارزیابی و پهنه بندی شاخص نسبت تأمین تقاضای آب کشاورزی(AGWS) با استفاده از مدل SWAT (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبریز گنبر چای)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

نسبت تبخیر-تعرق واقعی به تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیل در یک منطقه کشاورزی، طی دوره رشد محصولات، نسبت تامین تقاضای آب کشاورزی نامیده می­شود (AGWS). تعیین این نسبت در یک منطقه در برنامه­ریزی و مدیریت مناسب آن بسیار حائز اهمیت است. در این راستا در تحقیق حاضر به تعیین این شاخص و پهنه­بندی آن در مناطق کشاورزی حوضه آبریز گنبرچای پرداخته شد. برای این منظور مدل جامع هیدرولوژیکی-گیاهی SWAT برای حوضه تنظیم، واسنجی و صحت­سنجی شد. در ادامه مقادیر رواناب و تبخیر-تعرق واقعی برای زیرحوضه­های حوضه مورد مطالعه طی دوره 1394-1365 شبیه­سازی گردید. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که حجم تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیل (محاسبه شده به روش فائو پنمن مانتیث) در کل اراضی تحت کشت آبی حوضه در طول دوره رشد محصولات در سال 1394 به میزان MCM 41/25 می­باشد. علاوه بر این، شبیه­سازی­ها نشان داد که مقدار تبخیر-تعرق واقعی از کل اراضی کشاورزی آبی حوضه گنبرچای در طول فصل رشد محصولات در سال 1394 به میزان MCM 1/19 است. بر اساس نتایج تحقیق حاضر، مقدار شاخص نسبت تامین آب کشاورزی  در حوضه گنبرچای در سال 1394 بین 63/0 و 79/0 متغیر است. به طوری که مقدار این شاخص در زیر حوضه‍های شمالی و غربی حوضه از زیرحوضه­های شرقی آن بیشتر است. براساس نتایج حاصل، در حوضه گنبرچای میزان تامین آب در بخش کشاورزی در مقایسه با میزان تقاضاها به ویژه در زیرحوضه­های شرقی به مراتب کمتر است که بایستی با مدیریت صحیح در تقاضا و مصرف آب کشاورزی این کمبود برطرف گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation and Zoning of Agricultural Water Demand Supply Ratio Index (AGWS) using SWAT (Case Study: Gunbarchay basin)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ayyub Ahmadin 1
  • Ali Ashraf Sadraddini 1
  • Amir Hossein Nazemi 1
  • saeid samadianfard 2
1 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz,Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The agricultural water demand supply ratio (AGWS) is the actual evapotranspiration ratio to the potential evapotranspiration in an agricultural area during the crop growth period. Determination of this ratio is very important to planning and management properly in an area. In this regard, the index and its zoning in the agricultural areas of Gunbarchay basin were determined in this study. To achieve this purpose, the comprehensive SWAT hydrological-plant model for the basin was adjusted, calibrated and validated. Then, the actual runoff and evapotranspiration values were simulated for the sub-basins of the studied basin during the period 1987-2017. The results indicated that the volume of potential evapotranspiration, in all irrigated lands of the basin during the crop growth period in 2016 is 25.41 MCM. In addition, the simulations showed that the amount of actual evapotranspiration from the total irrigated agricultural lands of Gunbarchay basin during the crop growing season in 2016 is 19.1 MCM. Based on the results, the value of agricultural water supply ratio in Gunbarchay basin in 2016 varies between 0.63 and 0.79. So that the value of this index is more in the northern and western sub-basins of the basin than its eastern sub-basins. According to the results, in Gunbarchay basin, the amount of water supply in the agricultural sector is much less than the amount of demand, especially in the eastern sub-basins, which should be addressed with proper management of agricultural water demand and consumption.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Potential and real evapotranspiration
  • Water demand supply ratio
  • Agricultural lands
  • SWAT
  • Gunbarchay
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