بررسی رابطه بین آبگریزی طبیعی و ویژگی‌های فیزیکو شیمیایی خاک در کاربری‌های مختلف در مناطق ساحلی غرب گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه خاکشناسى، دانشکده کشاورزى، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه بیابان زدایی، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

چکیده

آبگریزی خاک یک خصوصیت دینامیک است که نفوذ آب به خاک را به تاخیر انداخته و پتانسیل ایجاد رواناب و فرسایش را افزایش می‌دهد. دانش دقیق در مورد وجود و شدت آبگریزی مناطق ساحلی گیلان، که تحت کاربری‌های مختلف اراضی هستند، از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. مطالعه حاضر اثر کاربری اراضی را بر آبگریزی خاک در سه منطقه 1) منطقه جنگلکاری شده با پوشش کاج تدا 2) منطقه‌ی جنگلکاری شده با کاج تدا و در برخی قسمت‌ها تحت پوشش طبیعی انار وحشی 3) زمین کشاورزی تحت پوشش خرمالو ارزیابی می‌کند. آبگریزی خاک با سه آزمون زمان نفوذ قطره آب، مولاریته قطره اتانول و منطقه خیس شده خاک اندازه‌گیری شد. همچنین رابطه بین آبگریزی و برخی از خصوصیات (ماده آلی خاک، اسیدیته، نیتروژن کل، فسفر قابل استفاده، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، سدیم، پتاسیم، کلسیم، منیزیم، بافت خاک، جرم مخصوص ظاهری و حقیقی) در 200 نمونه بررسی شد. شدت آبگریزی در 6 سایز اندازه ذرات (2-1، 5/0-1، 25/0-5/0، 125/0-25/0، 125/0-05/0 و 05/0> میلی‌متر) ارزیابی شد. بر اساس نتایج، خاک‌های تحت پوشش کاج تدا بیشترین آبگریزی و خاک‌های تحت پوشش انار وحشی و کشت شده با خرمالو کمترین آبگریزی را نشان دادند. همچنین ماده آلی و نیتروژن کل با اثر مثبت و اسیدیته خاک با اثر منفی مهم‌ترین پارامترهای کنترل کننده آبگریزی در این خاک‌ها بودند. نتایج نشان دادند اگرچه خاک‌های درشت بافت برای ایجاد آبگریزی مستعدتر هستند اما کوچک‌ترین اندازه ذرات در این خاک­ها نقش بسیار مهمی در شدت آبگریزی خاک دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Relationship between Natural Hydrophobicity and Physicochemical Properties of Soil in Different Land Uses in the Coastal Areas of West Guilan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh Mehrnoosh Mirbabaei 1
  • Mahmoud Shabanpour 2
  • Mohammadreza Khaledian 3
  • Aliasghar Zolfaghari 4
1 pH.D. Student, Department of Soil Science, University of Guilan, 41635-1314, Rasht, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, University of Guilan, 41635-1314, Rasht, Iran
3 Department of Water Engineering, University of Guilan, 41635-1314, Rasht, Iran
4 Department of Desert Science, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil water repellency is a dynamic property that delays the infiltration of water into the soil and increases the potential for runoff and erosion. Accurate knowledge about the existence and severity of soil water repellency (SWR) in the coastal areas of Guilan, which are under different land uses, is very important. The present study evaluates the effects of land uses on soil water repellency in three areas: 1) Forested area with Pinus Teda, 2) forested area planted with Pinus Teda in some parts and covered with natural wild pomegranate in other parts 3) Agricultural land covered with Diaspyros Kaki. Soil water repellency was measured using three tests of the water drop penetration time (WDPT), the molarity of ethanol droplet (MED) and the soil wetted area (SWA). Significant differences in soil water repellency were found among the different land uses. Forest soils under pinus Teada showed the highest SWR and the soils under wild pomegranate and persimmon cultivated area showed the lowest SWR. Also, the relationship between SWR and soil properties (soil organic matter, pH, total nitrogen, phosphorus, Cation Exchangable Capacity, Electrical Conductivity, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, soil texture, bulk and particle density) was investigated in 200 samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that organic matter, total nitrogen with a positive effect and soil acidity with a negative effect are the most important parameters controlling repellency in these soils. To investigate which component of the soil particles have a more important role in creating water repellency, the intensity of water repellency was examined in six particle sizes of the soil (1-2, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5, 0.125-0.25, 0.05-0.125 and less than 0.05 mm). The results showed that although coarse-textured soils are more prone to repellency, the smallest particle size in these soils plays a very important role in the intensity of soil water repellency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil Water Repellency
  • Water Drop Penetration Time
  • Molarity of Ethanol
  • soil wetted area

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 52، شماره 7
مهر 1400
صفحه 1807-1823

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