تأثیر استفاده از EDTA بر قابلیت جذب سرب و کادمیم توسط گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

عضو هیأت علمی، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

چکیده

فلزات سنگین به ویژه سرب و کادمیم به‎دلیل پیامدهای ناگوار در آلودگی محیط زیست‎ اهمیتی ویژه‌ دارند. این آلاینده­ها از منابع مختلف به آب، خاک، گیاه و نهایتاً به زنجیر­ه­ غذایی انسان راه می­یابند. روش­های مختلفی برای پالایش خاک‎های آلوده وجود دارد که عمدتاً بسیار گران و پرهزینه بوده و به این دلیل استفاده از روش­های کم هزینه­تر برای رفع آلودگی خاک‎های آلوده می­تواند به پالایش و استفاده بهینه از این اراضی کمک نماید. یکی از روش‎های کم هزینه و سازگار با طبیعت استفاده از گیاهان می­باشد. استفاده از کلات­ها ازجمله شیوه­های مؤثر در فراهمی زیستی عناصر سنگین است. در این پژوهش تأثیر اتیلن دی­آمین تترا استیک اسید (EDTA) به­عنوان یک کلات­کننده شیمیایی در افزایش جذب سرب و کادمیم توسط گندم (رقم بهاره) بررسی گردید. این پژوهش در شرایط گلخانه‎ای به­صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل: 1- کاربرد EDTA در دو سطح (صفر و 7/2 میلی­مول در کیلوگرم خاک)، 2- عنصر سرب در سه سطح (صفر ، 150 و 500 میلی­گرم درکیلوگرم خاک) و 3- عنصر کادمیم در سه سطح (صفر، 3 و 10 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) بودند. بدین­­منظور، یک نمونه خاک غیرآلوده انتخاب و با غلظت­های مختلف سرب و کادمیم آلوده شد. سپس بذر گندم کشت گردید و در پایان دوره رشد (هفت ماه پس از کشت) غلظت سرب و کادمیم در گیاه (کاه و کلش و دانه) و خاک اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد EDTA حلالیت سرب و کادمیم را در محلول خاک افزوده و منجر­به افزایش جذب سرب در کاه و کلش (5/12 برابر) و دانه گندم (8/68 برابر) و کادمیم در کاه و کلش (26 درصد) گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Using EDTA on the Uptake of Lead and Cadmium by Wheat

نویسنده [English]

  • Rasoul Mirkhani
Members of Scientific Board of Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
چکیده [English]

Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are among heavy metals which enter water, soil, plants and ultimately the human and animals food chain from various resources. Several methods has been suggested for remediation of contaminated soils which are mostly very expensive and therefore the use of less expensive methods to remove contaminated soils can help to purify and use these lands optimally. Phytoremedian is one of the low cost and environmentally friendly methods. Use of chelates is one of the effective approaches for increasing the bioavailability of heavy metals. Therefore, In this study, the effect of Ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA) as a chelating agent on incresing absorption of Pb and Cd by Wheat (Bahareh) were studied. A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse with a factorial and completely randomized design with three replications. Factors including: 1- EDTA application in two levels (0 and 2.7 mmolkg-1 soil), 2- Pb at three levels ( 0, 150 and 500 mgkg-1 soil) and 3- Cd in three levels (0, 3 and 10 mgkg-1 soil). Consequently, a non-contaminated soil was selected and contaminated with different amounts of Pb and Cd. Then, Wheat seeds were planted and after harvest, Pb and Cd concentration in plants (grain and straw) and soil was measured. The results showed that EDTA application was able to increase Pb and Cd solubility in soil solution, resulting an increase in absorption of Pb in straw (12.5 times) and grain (68.8 times) and Cd in straw (26 %).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethylene Diamine Tetra acetic Acid
  • Phytoremediation؛ cadmium؛ Lead
  • Wheat

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