تاثیر ذرات میکروپلاستیک از جنس پلی‌اتیلن سبک بر برخی ویژگی‌های بیولوژیکی و فعالیت آنزیمی در یک خاک آهکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

میکروپلاستیک‌ها ذرات پلاستیک کوچکتر از 5 میلی‌متر هستند که به‌عنوان آلاینده‌های نوظهور شناخته می‌شوند. تاکنون بیشتر تحقیقات درباره میکروپلاستیک‌ها در اکوسیستم‌های آبی انجام شده و درباره اثرات این ذرات بر ویژگی‌های بیولوژیکی و آنزیمی خاک اطلاعات محدودی وجود دارد. بنابراین، هدف از انجام این تحقیق، بررسی تاثیر ذرات میکروپلاستیک پلی‌اتیلنی‌ بر برخی ویژگی‌های خاک شامل معدنی شدن کربن آلی و تنفس تجمعی خاک، کربن توده زنده میکروبی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های فسفاتازهای اسیدی و قلیایی خاک بود. برای این منظور، ذرات میکروپلاستیک از جنس پلی‌اتیلن سبک با ابعاد 1 تا 5/0 میلی‌متر در سطح یک، دو و چهار درصد وزنی-وزنی به خاک اضافه شد. دوره خوابانیدن برای بررسی ویژگی‌های بیولوژیکی و فعالیت آنزیم‌ها به ترتیب  87 و 45 روز بود. نتایج نشان داد که ذرات میکروپلاستیک میزان معدنی شدن کربن آلی و تنفس تجمعی خاک را افزایش داد. کربن توده زنده میکروبی خاک در اوایل دوره خوابانیدن (روزهای 3 و 17) افزایش پیدا کرد و در ادامه مقدار آن در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. ذرات میکروپلاستیک اثر منفی بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های فسفاتاز اسیدی و قلیایی داشت و میزان فعالیت هر دو کاهش یافت. بیشترین مقدار کاهش مربوط به سطح 4% میکروپلاستیک بود. میزان کاهش فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز اسیدی تحت تاثیر ذرات میکروپلاستیک، بیشتر از آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی بود. به‌طورخلاصه، نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که ذرات میکروپلاستیک می‌تواند میزان تنفس خاک را افزایش دهد، اما بر میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های فسفاتاز اثر بازدارنده دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Low-Density Polyethylene Microplastic Particles on Some Biological Properties and Enzymatic Activity in a Calcareous Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Tafvizi
  • mohammad babaakbari
  • Mohammad Amir Delavar
Department of Soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm that are known as emerging contaminants. Most research about microplastics has been performed in aquatic ecosystems and there is limited information about the effects of these particles on soil biological and enzymatic properties. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of Microplastic particles on some soil properties included basal and cumulative respiration, microbial biomass carbon as well as soil acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. For this purpose, Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastic particles (diameter 0.5 - 1 mm) added to the soil (1, 2 and 4 % w/w). Incubation times for investigation of soil properties and enzymes activity were 87 and 45 days, respectively. The results showed that the microplastic particles increased the soil basal and cumulative respiration rate. Soil microbial biomass carbon increased during the 3th to 17th days of incubation, but decreased after that when compared to control treatment. LDPE Microplastic particles had a negative effect on the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and decreased them. The highest decline was related to the microplastic level of 4%. The rate of decrease in acid phosphatase activity was more than alkaline phosphatase activity. Briefly, the results of the present study showed that the microplastic particles can increase soil respiration, but it has a negative effect on phosphatase activity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • emerging contaminant
  • plastic
  • pollution
  • soil enzyme

مراجع

Abel, A., Machado, D. S., Lau, C. W., Till, J., Kloas, W., Lehmann, A., Becker, R., & Rillig, M. C. (2018). Impacts of Microplastics on the Soil Biophysical Environment [Research-article]. Environmental Science & Technology, 52, 9656–9665.
Anderson, J. P. E. (1983). Soil respiration. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 9, 831–871.
Awet, T. T., Kohl, Y., Meier, F., Straskraba, S., Grün, A.-L., Ruf, T., Jost, C., Drexel, R., Tunc, E., & Emmerling, C. (2018). Effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on the microbiota and functional diversity of enzymes in soil. Environmental Sciences Europe, 30(1), 1–10.
Bläsing, M., & Amelung, W. (2018). Science of the Total Environment Plastics in soil : Analytical methods and possible sources. Science of the Total Environment, 612, 422–435.
Book, U. Y. (2014). Emerging issues update air pollution: World’s worst environmental health risk. United Nations Environment Programme.
Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils 1. Agronomy Journal, 54(5), 464–465.
Boxall, A. (2012). New and emerging water pollutants arising from agriculture. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/75319/1/oecdreport.pdf
Bradney, L., Wijesekara, H., Palansooriya, K. N., Obadamudalige, N., Bolan, N. S., Ok, Y. S., Rinklebe, J., Kim, K.-H., & Kirkham, M. B. (2019). Particulate plastics as a vector for toxic trace-element uptake by aquatic and terrestrial organisms and human health risk. Environment International, 131, 104937.
Cui, Y., Fang, L., Guo, X., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2019). Responses of soil bacterial communities, enzyme activities, and nutrients to agricultural-to-natural ecosystem conversion in the Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19(3), 1427–1440.
Eivazi, F., & Tabatabai, M. A. (1977). Phosphatases in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 9(3), 167–172.
Europe, P. (2016). Plastics—The Facts 2016. An Analysis of European Latest Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data.
Fei, Y., Huang, S., Zhang, H., Tong, Y., Wen, D., Xia, X., Wang, H., Luo, Y., & Barceló, D. (2019). Science of the Total Environment Response of soil enzyme activities and bacterial communities to the accumulation of microplastics in an acid cropped soil. Science of the Total Environment, xxxx, 135634.
Fuller, S., & Gautam, A. (2016). A procedure for measuring microplastics using pressurized fluid extraction. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(11), 5774–5780.
Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., & Law, K. L. (2017). Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science Advances, 3(7), e1700782.
Guo, J., Huang, X., Xiang, L., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Li, H., & Cai, Q. (2020). Source , migration and toxicology of microplastics in soil. Environment International, 137(July 2019), 105263.
He, P., Chen, L., Shao, L., Zhang, H., research, F. L.-W., & )2019(,  undefined. (n.d.). Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill: A source of microplastics?-Evidence of microplastics in landfill leachate. Elsevier. Retrieved January 29, 2021, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004313541930377X
Jenkinson, D. S., & Ladd, J. N. (1981). Microbial biomass in soil: measurement and turnover. Soil Biochemistry, 5(1), 415–471.
Killham, K. (1994). Soil ecology. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=zDIaumF3MCYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR15&dq=Killham,+K.+(1994),+Soil+Ecology,+Cambridge+University+Press,+UK&ots=7ImM0x3M5l&sig=jLjzfUHu0FmNKSRbO0fZ0LF3h38
Lambert, S., & Wagner, M. (2018). Microplastics are contaminants of emerging concern in freshwater environments: An overview. Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 58, 1–23.
Liu, H., Yang, X., Liu, G., Liang, C., Xue, S., & Chen, H. (2017a). Response of soil dissolved organic matter to microplastic addition in Chinese loess soil. Chemosphere.
Liu, H., Yang, X., Liu, G., Liang, C., Xue, S., Chen, H., Ritsema, C. J., & Geissen, V. (2017b). Response of soil dissolved organic matter to microplastic addition in Chinese loess soil. Chemosphere, 185, 907–917.
Loeppert, R. H., & Suarez, D. L. (1996). Carbonate and gypsum. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods, 5, 437–474.
Lusher, A. (2015). Microplastics in the marine environment: distribution, interactions and effects. In Marine anthropogenic litter (pp. 245–307). Springer, Cham.
Murphy, J., & Riley, J. P. (1962). A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27, 31–36.
Nannipieri, P., Giagnoni, L., Landi, L., & Renella, G. (2011). Role of Phosphatase Enzymes in Soil (pp. 215–243).
Olsen, S. R. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate (Issue 939). US Department of Agriculture.
Panettieri, M., Lazaro, L., López-Garrido, R., Murillo, J. M., & Madejón, E. (2013). Glyphosate effect on soil biochemical properties under conservation tillage. Soil and Tillage Research, 133, 16–24.
Qi, R., Jones, D. L., Li, Z., Liu, Q., & Yan, C. (2020). Behavior of microplastics and plastic film residues in the soil environment: A critical review. Science of the Total Environment, 703.
Rillig, M. C. (2012). Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems and the soil? ACS Publications.
Rillig, M. C., Hoffmann, M., Lehmann, A., Liang, Y., Lück, M., & Augustin, J. (2020). Microplastic fibers affect dynamics and intensity of CO2 and N2O fluxes from soil differently. BioRxiv.
Rochman, C. M., Browne, M. A., Halpern, B. S., Hentschel, B. T., Hoh, E., Karapanagioti, H. K., Rios-Mendoza, L. M., Takada, H., Teh, S., & Thompson, R. C. (2013). Classify plastic waste as hazardous. Nature, 494(7436), 169–171.
Rodriguez, O., Peralta-hernandez, J. M., & Goonetilleke, A. (2017). Treatment Technologies for Emerging Contaminants in water: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal.
Rubol, S., Manzoni, S., Bellin, A., resources, A. P.-A. in water, & (2013),  undefined. (n.d.). Modeling soil moisture and oxygen effects on soil biogeochemical cycles including dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). Elsevier. Retrieved January 29, 2021, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170813001772
Ruimin, Q., Jones, D. L., Zhen, L., Qin, L., & Changrong, Y. (2019). Behavior of microplastics and plastic film residues in the soil environment : A critical. Science of the Total Environment, 134722.
Steinmetz, Z., Wollmann, C., Schaefer, M., Buchmann, C., David, J., Tröger, J., Muñoz, K., Frör, O., & Ellen, G. (2016). Science of the Total Environment Plastic mulching in agriculture . Trading short-term agronomic bene fi ts for long-term soil degradation ? Science of the Total Environment, 550, 690–705.
Tabatabai, M. A., & Bremner, J. M. (1969). Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1(4), 301–307.
Thomas, G. W. (1996). Soil pH and soil acidity. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods, 5, 475–490.
Thompson, R. C., Swan, S. H., Moore, C. J., & Vom Saal, F. S. (2009). Our plastic age. The Royal Society Publishing.
Vegter, A. C., Barletta, M., Beck, C., Borrero, J., Burton, H., Campbell, M. L., Costa, M. F., Eriksen, M., Eriksson, C., & Estrades, A. (2014). Global research priorities to mitigate plastic pollution impacts on marine wildlife. Endangered Species Research, 25(3), 225–247.
Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37(1), 29–38.
Wijesekara, H., Bolan, N. S., Bradney, L., Obadamudalige, N., Seshadri, B., Kunhikrishnan, A., Dharmarajan, R., Ok, Y. S., Rinklebe, J., & Kirkham, M. B. (2018). Trace element dynamics of biosolids-derived microbeads. Chemosphere, 199, 331–339.
Yi, M., Zhou, S., Zhang, L. & Ding, S. (2021). The effects of three different microplastics on enzyme activities and microbial communities in soil. 1–9.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار