بررسی آب‌شویی باکتری ایشریشیا کولای در دو خاک اسیدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده علوم کشاورزى، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

برای اصلاح اسیدیته و افزایش حاصل­خیزی خاک­های اسیدی کشاورزی در گیلان از کودهای دامی استفاده می­شود که اگرچه مفیدند اما دارای باکتری­های کلی­فرم هستند که می­توانند به آب­های زیرزمینی راه یافته و این منابع را آلوده کنند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی انتقال باکتری شاخص  ایشریشیا کولای در خاک اسیدی بود. دو خاک با pH 88/5 و 93/3 از منطقه املش و لاهیجان نمونه­برداری شد. برای آزمایش آب­شویی، خاک­ها پس از هواخشک شدن و الک شدن بدون تراکم در سیلندرهای پلی­وینیل کلراید (قطر 8/4 و ارتفاع 92/14 سانتی­متر) ریخته شد. پس از برقراری جریان اشباع ماندگار، 1/0 حجم منفذی (PV) پالس آلودگی شامل باکتری ایشریشیا کولای (CFU mL-1 108) و برمید (M 008/0) به سر ستون افزوده شد و آب­شویی با آب مقطر انجام شد. نمونه­برداری از زه­آب خروجی در فواصل زمانی مشخص تا PV 5/4 انجام شد. در زه­آب شمار باکتری ایشریشیا کولای و غلظت برمید اندازه­گیری شد. پس از پایان آب­شویی، ستون خاک به 5 لایه 3 سانتی­متری بریده شد و تعداد باکتری مانده در هر لایه شمارش شد. در زه­آب ستون خاک املش و لاهیجان پیک غلظت نسبی باکتری (C/C0) در 7/0 و PV 9/0 رخ داد در حالی­که پیک C/C0 برمید به ترتیب در 8/0 و PV 8/1 دیده شد. بیرون آمدن زودهنگام باکتری از ستون خاک نسبت به برمید به مسیرهای جریان ترجیحی نسبت داده می­شود که در ستون خاک لاهیجان به دلیل داشتن رس و ماده آلی بالاتر، بیشتر بود. بیشترین شمار باکتری مانده در هر دو خاک در لایه 3-0 سانتی­متری به دست آمد که در خاک املش بیشتر بود و با افزایش عمق خاک به ترتیب 9/0 و 44/1 واحد لگاریتمی در خاک املش و لاهیجان کاهش یافت. در کل، نه تنها غلظت تجمعی باکتری در زه­آب ستون خاک املش بیشتر بود، بلکه تعداد باکتری­های مانده در این خاک نیز به دلیل pH بالاتر بیشتر از خاک لاهیجان بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Escherichia coli Leaching in two Acidic Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Ramezani 1
  • Mohammad Bagher Farhangi 1
  • Nasrin Ghorbanzadeh 1
  • Mahmoud Shabanpour 2
1 Soil Science Department, Faculty of agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Soil Science Department, Faculty of agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Manures are used to increase pH and fertility of acidic soils in Gilan province. Although they are useful, but contain coliform bacteria that can reach the groundwater resources and lead contamination. This study aimed to investigate an indicator bacterium; Escherichia coli transport in two acidic soils. Two soil samples with pH vlues of 5.88 and 3.99 were taken from Amlash and Lahijan area respectively. For leaching experiment, air dried soil was freely packed in Polyvinyl chloride sylinders (with diameter of 4.8 and height of 14.92 cm). A 0.1 pore volume (PV) of bacteria (1× 108 CFU mL-1) and bromide (0.008 mol L-1) as a pulse flow was applied on the top of the soil columns after water flow rate reached steady state condition and leaching experiment was followed with distilled water. Leachate sampling was carried out in regular time intervals till 4.5 PV and E. coli and bromide concentrations were measured in the leachate. Resident E. coli number were also determined in each cutted 3 cm section of soil after leaching experiment endup. C/C0 peak of E. coli in the leachate of Amlash and Lahijan soil columns was observed at 0.7 and 0.9 PV repectively, while the C/C0 peak of bromide was occurred at 0.8 and 1.8 PV respectively. Early occurance of E. coli bacteria rather than bromide in the leachate of both soils was attributed to preferential water flow path which was dominant in the Lahijan soil column due to more clay and organic carbon content. The most resident E. coli number was determined in the surface layer of both soils which was greater in Amlash soil and decreased by 0.9 and 1.44 (log unit) in Amlash and Lahijan soil columns respectively. Overall, not only the cumulative number of E. coli bacteria was higher in the leachate of Amlash soil column, but also it contained more resident E. coli bacteria rather than Lahijan soil column due to greater pH value.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bromide
  • Filtration coefficient
  • Preferential flow
  • Relative adsorption ratio
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