اثر مصرف همزمان زغال زیستی (بیوچار) پوسته برنج و کود سولفات روی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد برنج (Oryza sativa L.) رقم هاشمی و برخی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

2 دکتری زراعت موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تنکابن، ایران

چکیده

کاربرد همزمان زغال زیستی و کودهای شیمیایی فناوری نوینی است که ضمن حفظ پایداری در سیستم­های تولید، به دوستداری محیط­زیست، به افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک، کارایی مصرف کود و در نتیجه به افزایش تولید پایدار برنج کمک شایانی می­کند. با این حال کاربرد زغال زیستی و کودهای حاوی روی ندرتاً در کانون توجه بوده است. بنابراین پژوهش مزرعه­ای حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر مصرف همزمان زغال زیستی پوسته برنج و روی بر عملکرد برنج رقم هاشمی و خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1398 در مزرعه­های پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور در رشت و ایستگاه تحقیقات برنج تنکابن انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل زغال زیستی در سه سطح (عدم مصرف، 20 و 40 تن در هکتار) و کود سولفات روی نیز در سه سطح (صفر، 10 و 20 کیلوگرم روی در هکتار) بود. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (33/144 سانتی­متر)، بیشترین تعداد دانه پر در خوشه (65/81 عدد)، حداکثر وزن هزار دانه (با میانگین 37/32 گرم)، بیشترین عملکرد دانه با میانگین 4112 کیلوگرم در هکتار، متعلق به تیمار 40 تن در هکتار زغال زیستی بود. همچنین بیشترین عملکرد دانه با میانگین 2/4220 کیلوگرم در هکتار متعلق به تیمار کاربرد 20 کیلوگرم کود سولفات روی در هکتار (13 درصد افزایش) بود. مصرف 40 تن در هکتار زغال زیستی پوسته برنج به همراه 20 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی 22 درصد به‌طور معنی‌داری مقدار فسفر قابل‌جذب، پتاسیم قابل‌جذب و روی قابل‌جذب را به ترتیب تا دو برابر، 15/43 درصد و سه برابر افزایش داده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Simultaneous Application Effect of Rice Husk Biochare and Zinc Sulfate Fertilizer on Yield, Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hashemi Cultivar and Some Soil Chemical Properties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahram MahmoudSoltani 1
  • Abouzar Abbasian 2
1 Assistant Professor, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension, Rasht, Iran
2 Ph.D. of Agronomy, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Simultaneous application of biochar and chemical fertilizers has been shown to be a new sustainable and environmental friendly technology for the improvement of soil fertility, nutrient use efficiency and rice crop yield. However, simultaneous application of biochar and zinc have been rarely studied. Therefore, the current field study was conducted to investigate the effects of rice husk biochar and Zn-fertilizer applications on rice yield and the most important chemical properties of soils through factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications at farm stations of rice research institute of Iran, Rasht and Tonekabon in 2019. The experimental factors were biochar at three levels (0, 20 and 40 tha-1) and zinc at three levels (0, 10 and 20 kg ha-1). The highest plant height (144/33 cm), filled grain per panicle (81.65), 1000 grain weight (32.37 g) and grain yield (4112 kg ha-1) were recorded at 40 tha-1 biochar treatment. Moreover, the maximum grain yield with average of 4220 kg ha-1 was observed at 20 kg ha-1 Zn sulfate treatment (13% more than the control). The application of 40 tha-1 biochar of rice husks and 20 kg ha-1 Zn significantly increased the available P, K and Zn by about 2 times, 43.15% and 3 times, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • Phosphorous
  • Potassium
  • Zinc
  • Local varieties
Ali, M. A., Lee, C. H., Lee, Y. B., & Kim, P. J. (2009). Silicate fertilization in no-tillage rice farming for mitigation of methane emission and increasing rice productivity. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment132(1-2), 16-22.
Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Noureen, S., Anwar, S., Ali, B., Naveed, M., & Ahmad, P. (2019). Combined use of biochar and zinc oxide nanoparticle foliar spray improved the plant growth and decreased the cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant. Environmental Science and Pollution Research26(11), 11288-11299.
Alloway, B. J. (2009). Soil factors associated with zinc deficiency in crops and humans. Environmental Geochemistry and Health31(5), 537-548.
Arunrat, N., Pumijumnong, N., Sereenonchai, S., & Chareonwong, U. (2020). Factors Controlling Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration of Highland Agricultural Areas in the Mae Chaem Basin, Northern Thailand. Agronomy10(2), 305.
Asai, H., Samson, B. K., Stephan, H. M., Songyikhangsuthor, K., Homma, K., Kiyono, Y., & Horie, T. (2009). Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos: 1. Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field crops research111(1-2), 81-84.
Atkinson, C. J., Fitzgerald, J. D., & Hipps, N. A. (2010). Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a review. Plant and soil337(1-2), 1-18.
Chakeralhosseini, M. R., Mohtashami, R., and Owliaie, H. R. (2009). Effects of rate, source, and method of zinc fertilizer application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rice (Choram 1). Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 5 (1), 33-43. (In Persian with English abstract).
Chang, H. B., Lin, C. W., and Huang, H. J. (2005). Zinc-induced cell death in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. Plant growth regulation, 46(3), 261-266.
Depar, N., Rajpar, I., Memon, M.Y. and Imtiaz, M., (2011). Mineral nutrient densities in some domestic and exotic rice genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture: Agricultural Engineering Veterinary Sciences (Pakistan).
Doberman, A., and Fairhurst, T. (2000). Nutriments Disorders and Nutriments Management. International Plant Nutrition Institute.
Enders, A., Hanley, K., Whitman, T., Joseph, S., & Lehmann, J. (2012). Characterization of biochars to evaluate recalcitrance and agronomic performance. Bioresource technology114, 644-653.
FAO. (2018). Rice market monitor. Vol. XVI, Trade and Markets Division. Rome.
FAOSTAT, (2018). FAOSTAT online database.(2018).
Hossain, M. K., Strezov, V., Chan, K. Y., Ziolkowski, A., & Nelson, P. F. (2011). Influence of pyrolysis temperature on production and nutrient properties of wastewater sludge biochar. Journal of environmental management92(1), 223-228.
Huang, M., Long, F. A. N., Jiang, L. G., Yang, S. Y., Zou, Y. B., & Uphoff, N. (2019). Continuous applications of biochar to rice: Effects on grain yield and yield attributes. Journal of integrative agriculture18(3), 563-570.
Jamalomidi, M., Esfahani M. and Carapetin, J. (2006). Zinc and salinity interaction on agronomical traits, chlorophyll and prolin content in lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(7), 1315-1319.
Jeffery, S., Verheijen, F. G., van der Velde, M., & Bastos, A. C. (2011). A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment144(1), 175-187.
Jin, J., Wang, M., Cao, Y., Wu, S., Liang, P., Li, Y., ... & Christie, P. (2017). Cumulative effects of bamboo sawdust addition on pyrolysis of sewage sludge: biochar properties and environmental risk from metals. Bioresource technology228, 218-226.
Kamara, A., Kamara, H. S., & Kamara, M. S. (2015). Effect of rice straw biochar on soil quality and the early growth and biomass yield of two rice varieties. Agricultural Sciences6(08), 798.
Khorram, M. S., Zhang, Q., Lin, D., Zheng, Y., Fang, H., & Yu, Y. (2016). Biochar: a review of its impact on pesticide behavior in soil environments and its potential applications. Journal of environmental sciences44, 269-279.
Lai, L., Ismail, M. R., Muharam, F. M., Yusof, M. M., Ismail, R., & Jaafar, N. M. (2017). Effects of rice straw biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on rice growth and yield. Asian J. Crop Sci9(4), 159-166.
Lai, W. Y., Lai, C. M., Ke, G. R., Chung, R. S., Chen, C. T., Cheng, C. H., ... & Chen, C. C. (2013). The effects of woodchip biochar application on crop yield, carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions from soils planted with rice or leaf beet. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers44(6), 1039-1044.
Laird, D., Fleming, P., Wang, B., Horton, R., & Karlen, D. (2010b). Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma158(3-4), 436-442.
Laird, D. A., Fleming, P., Davis, D. D., Horton, R., Wang, B., & Karlen, D. L. (2010a). Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma158(3-4), 443-449.
Lehmann, J., da Silva, J. P., Steiner, C., Nehls, T., Zech, W., & Glaser, B. (2003). Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant and soil249(2), 343-357.
Lehmann, J., Gaunt, J., & Rondon, M. (2006). Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems–a review. Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change11(2), 403-427.
Liang, F., LI, G. T., LIN, Q. M., & ZHAO, X. R. (2014). Crop yield and soil properties in the first 3 years after biochar application to a calcareous soil. Journal of Integrative Agriculture13(3), 525-532.
Liu, Y., Lu, H., Yang, S. and Wang, Y., (2016). Impacts of biochar addition on rice yield and soil properties in a cold waterlogged paddy for two crop seasons. Field crops research191, pp.161-167.
Lu, G. Y., Ikeya, K., & Watanabe, A. (2016). Size distribution of carbon layer planes in biochar from different plant type of feedstock with different heating temperatures. Chemosphere163, 252-258.
Mahmoudsoltani, S., Allaghoolipoor, M. and Kavoosi, M. (2019). Quantitative and qualitative improvement of rice grain in paddy field through macro and micronutrient management strategies (focus on phosphorus and zinc). Final project report. Rice research institute of Iran. Rasht. Iran.
Mahmoudsoltani S, Mohamed, M.H., Samsuri, A., Syed, M. and Sharifah, K. (2017b). Lime and Zn application effects on soil and plant Zn status at different growth stages of rice in tropical acid sulphate paddy soil. Azarian Journal of Agriculture4(4), 127-138.
Mahmoudsoltani, S. (2020b). Zn biofortification, grain protein content, and zinc and phosphorus content of rice tissues at different growth stages affected by zinc and phosphorus foliar application. Iran J Soil Water Res. (Accepted).
Mahmoudsoltani, S. 2018. Zinc deficiency, causes, symptoms and solutions. Technical Bulletin. Rice research institute of Iran.31p.
Mahmoudsoltani, S., Allahgholipoor,M., Shakoori, M. and Poursafar tabalvandani, A. (2020a). Effect of basal and foliar application of zinc sulphate fertilizer on zinc uptake, yield and yield components of rice (Hashemi cultivar). Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Researches. (in press)(in Persian with English abstract).
Mahmoudsoltani, S., Hanafi, M. M., Samsuri, A. W., Muhammed, S. K. S. and Hakim, M. A. (2016). Rice growth improvement and grains bio-fortification through lime and zinc application in zinc deficit tropical acid sulphate soils. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability28(1-4), 152-162.
Mahmoudsoltani, S., Mohamed, M. H., Abdul, W. S. and Sharifah, K. (2017a). Lime and Zn interactions effects on yield, yield component, and quality of rice in Zn deficit tropical paddy soil. Azarian Journal of Agriculture4(5), 185-192.
Major, J., Rondon, M., Molina, D., Riha, S. J., & Lehmann, J. (2010). Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna oxisol. Plant and soil333(1-2), 117-128.
Malakooti, M. J., and Kavoosi, M. (2004). Balance nutrition of rice. SANA publication press. Tehran, Iran.p 610.
Masulili, A., Utomo, W. H., & Syechfani, M. S. (2010). Rice husk biochar for rice based cropping system in acid soil 1. The characteristics of rice husk biochar and its influence on the properties of acid sulfate soils and rice growth in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Agricultural Science2(1), 39.
McHenry, M. P. (2011). Soil organic carbon, biochar, and applicable research results for increasing farm productivity under Australian agricultural conditions. Communications in soil science and plant analysis42(10), 1187-1199.
Morales, M.M., Comerford, N., Guerrini, I.A., Falcão, N.P. and Reeves, J.B., (2013). Sorption and desorption of phosphate on biochar and biochar–soil mixtures. Soil Use and Management29(3), pp.306-314.
Oguntunde, P. G., Abiodun, B. J., Ajayi, A. E., & van de Giesen, N. (2008). Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in Ghana. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science171(4), 591-596.
Oladele, S. O., Adeyemo, A. J., & Awodun, M. A. (2019). Influence of rice husk biochar and inorganic fertilizer on soil nutrients availability and rain-fed rice yield in two contrasting soils. Geoderma336, 1-11.
Peng, X. Y. L. L., Ye, L. L., Wang, C. H., Zhou, H., & Sun, B. (2011). Temperature-and duration-dependent rice straw-derived biochar: Characteristics and its effects on soil properties of an Ultisol in southern China. Soil and Tillage Research112(2), 159-166.
Schulz, H., Dunst, G., & Glaser, B. (2013). Positive effects of composted biochar on plant growth and soil fertility. Agronomy for sustainable development33(4), 817-827.
Seyedghasemi, S.M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P. and Esfahani, M. (2020). Optimization of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer in rice cultivation. Journal of plant nutrition. (Accepted).
Slaton, N.A., Wilson, C.E., Ntamatungiro, S., Norman, R.J. and Boothe, D.L., (2001). Evaluation of zinc seed treatments for rice. Agronomy Journal93(1), pp.152-157.
Sohi, S., Krull, E., Lopez-capel, E. and Bol, R. (2010). A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. Advances in Agronomy, 105, 47-82.
Sujana, I.P., Lanya, I., Subadiyasa, I.N.N. and Suarna, I.W. (2014). The effect of dose biochar and organic matters on soil characteristic and corn plants growth on the land degraded by garment liquid waste. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare4(5), pp.77-88.
Sun, Z., Bruun, E. W., Arthur, E., De-Jonge, L. W., Moldrup, P., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. and Elsgaard, L. (2014). Effect of biochar on aerobic processes, enzyme activity, and crop yields in two sandy loam soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 50, 1087-1097.
Tipayarom, D. and Oanh, N.K., (2007). Effects from open rice straw burning emission on air quality in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Science Asia33(3), pp.339-345.
Uddin, M. A., & Phuong, H. T. (2012). Development of technologies for the utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes: preparation of biochar from rice residues.
Van Zwieten, L., Kimber, S., Morris, S., Chan, K. Y., Downie, A., Rust, J., & Cowie, A. (2010). Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant and soil327(1-2), 235-246.
Vithanage, M., Herath, I., Joseph, S., Bundschuh, J., Bolan, N., Ok, Y.S., Kirkham, M. B. and Rinklebe, J. (2016). Interaction of arsenic with biochar in soil and water: A critical review. Carbon, 113, 219-230.
Wang, W., Zhang, X., Ling, G. (2013). Effects of biochar amendment on growth andyield of rice in cold water field. J. Anhui Agric. Sci,. 41, 6220–6221 (in Chinesewith English abstract).
Wang, J., Wang, X., Xu, M., Feng, G., Zhang, W., Lu, C. (2015). Crop yield and soilorganic matter after long-term straw return to soil in China. Nutr. Cycl.Agroecosyst, 102, 371–381.
Wu, P., Cui, P. X., Fang, G. D., Wang, Y., Wang, S. Q., Zhou, D. M., ... & Wang, Y. J. (2018). Biochar decreased the bioavailability of Zn to rice and wheat grains: insights from microscopic to macroscopic scales. Science of the Total Environment621, 160-167.
Xiao, Q., Zhu, L.X., Shen, Y.F. and Li, S.Q., (2016). Sensitivity of soil water retention and availability to biochar addition in rainfed semi-arid farmland during a three-year field experiment. Field Crops Research196, pp.284-293.
Xu, G., Wei, L.L., Sun, J.N., Shao, H.B. and Chang, S.X., (2013). What is more important for enhancing nutrient bioavailability with biochar application into a sandy soil: Direct or indirect mechanism?. Ecological Engineering52, pp.119-124.
Zou, C., Gao, X., Shi, R., Fan, X. and Zhang, F., (2008). Micronutrient deficiencies in crop production in China. In Micronutrient deficiencies in global crop production (pp. 127-148). Springer, Dordrecht.