سینتیک جذب سطحی آرسنیک در چند خاک: اثر آنیون‌های رقیب و مقایسه مدل‌های سینتیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزی، ﮐﺮج، اﯾﺮان

چکیده

جذب آرسنیک توسط خاک نقش مهمی در کنترل تحرک، زیست فراهمی و سمیت آرسنیک در محیط‌زیست بازی می‌کند. مطالعات سینتیکی در زمینه جذب آرسنیک اغلب در نسبت‌های خاک:آب 10:1 تا 50:1 انجام می‌شود که عموما شرایط مطالعه را از وضعیت مزرعه‌ای غالب متفاوت می‌سازد. در این مطالعه، سینتیک جذب سطحی آرسنیک در پنج خاک کشاورزی غیرآلوده به آرسنیک در شرایط 50 درصد رطوبت اشباع در دامنه زمانی طولانی‌مدت (دو دقیقه تا 20 روز) بررسی شد. شش مدل سینتیکی برای توصیف داده‌ها استفاده شد. سینتیک جذب آرسنیک در همه خاک‌ها رفتار غیرخطی و دوفازی نشان داد. سرعت جذب آرسنیک در ابتدا بسیار سریع بود اما با زمان به تدریج کاهش یافت و بعد از 72 ساعت ثابت شد. مقدار تجمعی آرسنیک جذب شده از 158 تا 210 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم متغیر بود که 47 تا 67 درصد از آن در دو دقیقه اول (اولین زمان اندازه‌گیری) و 68 تا 86 درصد از آن در یک ساعت اول واکنش جذب شد. جذب تجمعی آرسنیک توسط خاک‌های مختلف در حضور فسفات 100 میلی مولار 9/1 تا 16 درصد، در حضور سیترات 100 میلی مولار 7/0 تا 9 درصد و در حضور فسفات 10 میلی مولار 6/0 تا 9 درصد نسبت به عدم حضور آن‌ها کاهش پیدا کرد. مدل الوویچ ساده شده به دلیل مقادیر ضریب تعیین ( ) بالاتر (93/0 تا 96/0) و خطای معیار تخمین پایین‌تر (1/5 تا 5/6 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) نسبت به مدل‌های تابع توانی، مرتبه اول، مرتبه دوم، پخش سهموی در همه خاک‌ها بهترین مدل برای توصیف داده‌های سینتیک جذب آرسنیک بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Kinetics of Arsenic Adsorption on Some Soils: The Effect of Competing Anions and Comparison of Kinetic Models

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arzhang Fathi Gerdelidani 1
  • Hasan Towfighi 2
  • Karim Shahbazi 3
1 Ph.D Student, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Research Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Arsenic adsorption on soils plays an important role in controlling mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of arsenic in the environment. Kinetic studies on arsenic adsorption are often done at soil to water ratios of 1:10 to 1:50, which generally make the conditions of the study different from the prevailing field situations. In this study, kinetics of arsenic adsorption were investigated in five arsenic-uncontaminated agricultural soils at saturation moisture content of 50% over long periods of time (2 minutes to 20 days). Six kinetic models were fitted to the data. The kinetics of arsenic adsorption on soils were nonlinear and biphasic. Arsenic adsorption rates were initially rapid, but gradually decreased with time and reached a plateau after 72 hours. The cumulative amount of arsenic adsorbed by soils ranged from 158 to 210 mg/kg, 47-67% of it was adsorbed in the first two minutes (the first measurement time) and 68-86% of it was adsorbed in the first hour of the reaction. Cumulative adsorption of arsenic on different soils was reduced by 1.9-16% in the presence of 100 mM phosphate, 0.7-9% in the presence of 100 mM citrate and 0.6-9% in the presence of 10 mM phosphate as compared to arsenic adsorption alone. The simplified Elovich model with the higher coefficients of determination ( ) values (0.93-0.96) and lower standard errors of the estimate values (5.1-6.5 mg/kg) best described arsenic adsorption data in all soils compared to zero-, first-, and second-order, power function and parabolic diffusion models.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adsorption rate
  • Agricultural soils
  • Elovich model
  • Field capacity moisture
  • Metalloid
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