مدل بهینه مدیریت بهره‌برداری شبکه آبیاری با هدف سود بیشینه (مطالعه موردی: شبکه آبیاری قزوین)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

با توجه به محدودیت منابع آب و ارزش آن در کشاورزی، تعیین الگوی کشت بهینه محصولات کشاورزی و برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری در شرایط کم­آبی حاکم بر حوضه‌های آبریز کشور از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. بنابراین تدوین و توسعه مدل الگوی بهینه کشت که قابلیت انعطاف‌پذیری در شرایط ترسالی و خشک‌سالی را دارا باشد، ضرورت می­یابد. هدف تحقیق تهیه مدلی است که تحت شرایط مختلف منابع آب بهترین برنامه آبیاری و سطح زیر کشت را برای بهره‌برداری شبکه آبیاری ارائه دهد. مدل پس از دریافت اطلاعات اولیه (گیاه، خاک و هواشناسی) و سناریوهای مختلف آبیاری و کم­آبیاری با اتصال به مدل رشد گیاهی آکواکراپ، عملکرد محصولات را تحت سناریوهای تعریف شده محاسبه می‌کند. سناریویی که بیشینه بهره‌وری اقتصادی را دارا است به عنوان برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری تعیین می‌گردد و با اتصال به ACO الگوی کشت بهینه برای حجم‌های مختلف آب سطحی در دسترس با هدف بیشینه­سازی سود خالص تعیین می‌گردد. الگوی کشت بهینه  برای کل محصولات مورد کشت شبکه آبیاری قزوین در چهار حالت مختلف امکان تحویل آب (100%، 80%، 75% و 70%) برای سال زراعی 94-93 جهت بررسی کارایی مدل انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد در حالتی­که سال نرمال و مقدار آب تحویلی به شبکه برابر متوسط دراز مدت (گزینه 100%) باشد، بیشترین مساحت به کشت گندم اختصاص می‌یابد (10740) و مساحت بدون کشت آبی حداقل خواهد بود. در حالتی­که 70 درصد مقدار متوسط دراز مدت سالانه تأمین شود سطح زیر کشت گندم  3000 هکتار خواهد بود و حدود 15000هکتار از شبکه به ناچار بایستی به صورت دیم و یا بدون کشت آبی اداره شود. نتایج نشان داد که برنامه تدوین­شده با توانایی بالا و انعطاف‌پذیری زیاد برای انواع شرایط موجود، قادر به تعیین الگوی بهینه و بیشینه­کردن سود شبکه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimal Model of Irrigation Network Operational Management to Maximize Profit (Case Study: Ghazvin Irrigation Network)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Azizabadi Farahani 1
  • Farhad Mirzaei 2
1 Department of Irrigation and Reproduction Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Reproduction Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Considering the limitation of water resources and their value in agriculture, determining the optimal crop cultivation pattern and irrigation planning in low water conditions in the country's catchments is of great importance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an optimal cultivation model to be flexible in wet and dry conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for offering the best program for irrigation and cultivation area for network operation under different conditions of water resources. After receiving basic information (plant, soil and meteorology) and various irrigation and deficit irrigation scenarios by connecting to the plant growth model (Aqucrop), the model calculates crop yield under defined scenarios. The scenario with the highest economic efficiency is determined as irrigation planning and by connecting to Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), the optimal cultivation pattern for different volumes of available surface water is determined with the aim of maximizing net profit. The optimal cultivation pattern for all crops grown in Qazvin irrigation network in four different modes of water delivery (100%, 80%, 75% and 70%) was performed for 93-94 crop year to evaluate the efficiency of model. The results showed when the year is normal and the amount of water delivered to the network is equal to the long-term average (100% scenario), the largest area is allocated to wheat cultivation (10740) and the dryland will be the least. In the case of 70% of average annual long-term amount to be provided, the area under wheat cultivation will be 3,000 hectares, and about 15,000 hectares of the network must be managed dryland or without irrigated cultivation. The results showed that the developed program with high capability and high flexibility for a variety of existing conditions is able to determine the optimal pattern and maximize network profits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • management
  • economic productivity
  • ACO
  • optimal cultivation pattern
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