تاثیر کم‌آبیاری و آبیاری بخشی ریشه بر خصوصیات رشدی درخت و میوه پرتقال والنسیا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه آبیاری زه‌کشی، پردیس ابوریحان- دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

2 استادیار ، گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران-پاکدشت، ایران

3 پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه های نیمه گرمسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران.

چکیده

با توجه به پراکنش فصلی نامناسب بارش در استان مازندران و کمبود منابع آب برای آبیاری مرکبات در سالهای اخیر، عموماً این درختان در فصول گرم سال تحت تنش آبی قرار می­گیرند. به منظور بررسی تنش آبی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی پرتقال، پژوهشی در قالب طرح بلوک کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و چهار تکرار در پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه­های نیمه گرمسیری شهرستان رامسر در سال 1397-1398 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل آبیاری کامل (FI)، کم­آبیاری (DI) آبیاری بخشی ریشه (PRD) و آبیاری بخشی ریشه بدون جابجایی (FPRD) در سطح 50 درصد آبیاری کامل بودند. در پایان مطالعه خصوصیات کمی و کیفی درخت و میوه شامل آماس نسبی برگ، پتانسیل آب برگ، طول و قطر شاخه، قطر میوه، سرعت رشد نسبی میوه، عناصر موجود در برگ، وزن میوه­های ریخته­شده، طول و عرض و ضخامت پوست و حجم میوه، عملکرد، ویتامین C، مواد جامد محلول (TSS)، اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون (TA)، شاخص رنگ (Chroma،CI،h،L) اندازه­گیری و مقایسه بین تیمارها براساس آزمون SNK در سطح پنج درصد انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد اختلاف بین طول و قطر شاخه، میزان عناصر موجود در برگ، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، وزن میوه­های ریخته­شده بین تیمارها معنی­دار نبود. همچنین با توجه به اینکه بین تیمارها از نظر خصوصیات کیفی میوه تفاوت معنی­دار نبود ولی هر سه تیمار PRD، FPRD و  DIازکیفیت خوبی نسبت به FI برخوردار بودند. مقایسه مقدار پتانسیل آب برگ، سرعت رشد نسبی و قطر میوه بین تیمارها، تفاوت معنی­داری را نشان داد. روش­های FPRD، PRD و DI سبب کاهش مصرف آب و افزایش کارایی مصرف آب شدند. با توجه به شاخص رنگ میوه، بیشترین میزان بازارپسندی میوه در روش DI مشاهده گردید. روش PRD باعث کاهش اندکی در وزن میوه شد ولی باعث افزایش میزان TSS وTA گردید که در تولید آب میوه بسیار مهم می­باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Partial Root Zone Drying Irrigation on Tree and Fruit Growth Characteristics of Valencia Orange

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoomeh Solgi 1
  • Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh 2
  • Hormoz Ebadi 3
1 Msc of irrigation and drainage, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Aboureihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Irrigation and Drainage Dep., Aburaihan Campus - University Of tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
3 Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ramsar, Iran
چکیده [English]

Due to poor seasonal distribution of rainfall in Mazandaran province and shortage of water resources for citrus irrigation in recent years, these trees are generally subject to water stress in the warm seasons. In order to study water deficite stress on quantitative and qualitative yield of oranges, a completely randomized block design with four treatments and four replications was conducted at Ramsar citrus and subtropical fruits research center in 2018-2019. Experimental treatments included full irrigation (FI), deficite irigation (DI), partial rootzone drying irrigation (PRD) and fixed partial rootzone drying irrigation (FPRD) at 50% level of full irrigation. At the end of study, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tree and fruit, including leaf relative swelling, leaf water potential, length and branch diameters, fruit diameter, relative growth rate of the fruit, leaf elements, weight of the shed fruits and width and thickness of skin and fruit volume, yield, vitamin C, soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA), color index (Chroma, CI, h, L) were measured and the comparisons between treatments were performed by SNK test at 5% level. The results showed that there was no significant differences between treatments in terms of shoot length and diameter, amount of leaf elements, relative water content of leaves, and fruit weight. Although, there was no significant difference among treatments in terms of fruit quality, but PRD, FPRD and DI treatments had good quality compared to FI treatment. Comparison of leaf water potential of relative growth rate and fruit diameter showed significant differences among treatments. FPRD, PRD and DI methods reduced water consumption and increased water use efficiency. Regarding to the fruit color index, the highest fruit market value was observed in DI method. The PRD method slightly reduced fruit weight but increased TSS and TA, which are important in fruit juice production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soluble solid
  • valencia orange
  • deficite irrigation
  • partial root-zone drying
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