ارزیابی کارآیی راکتور زیستی با مقطع مثلثی برای حذف نیترات پساب کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‎آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

نیترات یکی از مهم‌ترین آلوده‌کننده‌های آب زهکش، در اراضی کشاورزی است. حذف یا کاهش بیولوژیکی نیترات، اخیراً در نقاط مختلف دنیا موردتوجه قرار گرفته است. راکتورهای زیستی توسط فرآیند نیتروژن­زدایی، یکی از جدیدترین راه‌حل‌ها، برای این منظور هستند. برای استفاده بهینه از راکتور زیستی نیاز به تجربیات علمی و محلی است. با توجه به وجود شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی مغان، و حجم بالای پساب تولیدی، این تحقیق به­منظور بررسی کارآیی راکتور زیستی برای حذف نیترات متناسب با شرایط دشت مغان انجام شد. مقطع راکتور زیستی مثلثی و زمان‌های ماند آب در آن 16،12 و 24 ساعت در نظر گرفته شد. هسته راکتورهای زیستی از تراشه چوب، کاه و کلش گندم و تراشه ساقه ذرت به‌عنوان تیمار اصلی، و هر تیمار دارای سه تکرار انتخاب شد. نتایج نشان داد به‌طور متوسط در زمان ماند 12 ساعت، تراشه چوب نیترات اولیه را 84/29 درصد کاهش داد که بیش‌ترین درصد حذف نیترات را در بین مواد آلی داشت، و عملکرد دو ماده آلی دیگر، با توجه به آزمون دانکن، تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشتند. در زمان ماند 16 ساعت عملکرد تیمارهای مواد آلی از نظر آماری برای حذف نیترات کاملاً با هم متفاوت بود، و تیمارهای تراشه چوب، کاه و کلش گندم و تراشه ساقه ذرت به­ترتیب با درصد حذف 1/40، 23/35 و 28 اولویت‌بندی شدند. در زمان ماند 24 ساعت اگر چه از نظر آماری هر سه تیمار ماده آلی عملکرد یکسانی برای حذف نیترات از پساب کشاورزی داشتند، اما تیمار تراشه چوب با درصد حذف 75/46 بهترین عملکرد را داشت. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که برای هر سه تیمار ماده آلی با افزایش زمان ماند درصد حذف نیترات نیز افزایش می‌یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Efficiency of Bioreactor with Triangular Cross Section to Remove Nitrate from Agricultural Wastewater

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossin Asgari 1
  • javanshir azizi mobaser 2
  • ali rasoulzade 3
  • javad ramezani moghaddam 2
1 Former Graduate Student, MSc Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor. Department of Water Engineering Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
3 Associate Professor. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nitrate is one of the most important pollutants in drainage water in agricultural lands. Biological removal or reduction of nitrate has recently been considered in different parts of the world. The bioreactor with the denitrification process is one of the newest solutions for this purpose. Scientific and local experience is needed to optimally use the bioreactor. Due to the existence of Moghan irrigation and drainage network and a high volume of effluent, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of bioreactor for removal of nitrate at Moghan plain conditions. The cross-section of bioreactor was triangular and water retention times were 12, 16 and 24 hours. The bioreactor core was selected from wood chip, wheat straw and corn chips as carbon-based and treated substrates, and each treatment had three replicates. Results of 12 hours retention time showed that, on average, the wood chip reduced the initial nitrate by 29.84%, which had the highest nitrate depletion among the organic matters. The performance of the two other organic matters was not significantly different according to Duncan test. In 16 hours retention time, the performance of bioreactors with different organic matters was statistically different for nitrate removal and the wood chip, wheat straw and corn stalk treatments were prioritized with 40.1, 35.23 and 28% nitrate removal, respectively. In 24 hours retention time, although all three treatments had the same performance for nitrate removal from agricultural wastewater, the wood chip treatment with 46.75% removal efficiency was the best. The results also showed that the percentage of nitrate removal increased with increasing the retention time for all three treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agricultural Wastewater
  • Nitrate
  • Nitrification
  • Bioreactor
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