اثر کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ و بیوچار آن بر عملکرد گیاه جعفری تحت تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی و علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

2 استادیار،گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

3 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

کمپوست قارچ پس از برداشت قارچ به عنوان ضایعات، دور ریخته می‌شود. به منظور بررسی تأثیر کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ و ذغال زیستی (بیوچار) آن بر مؤلفه‌های رشد و جذب برخی از عناصر غذایی در گیاه جعفری تحت تنش شوری، پژوهشی در گلخانه‌ی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل کود کمپوست مصرف شده و ذغال زیستی آن هر کدام در دو سطح صفر و سه درصد وزنی و شوری در دو سطح دو و شش دسی­زیمنس بر متر بودند. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش شوری از دو به شش دسی‌زیمنس بر متر، وزن‌تر و خشک اندام هوایی، ارتفاع گیاه، غلظت آهن، روی، مس، کلسیم، منیزیم، پتاسیم و فسفر به طور معنی‌داری کاهش می­یابد. در مقابل با افزایش شوری، غلظت سدیم در بخش هوایی گیاه افزایش را نشان داد. کاربرد کودهای آلی کمپوست مصرف شده و ذغال ‌زیستی آن باعث جذب بهتر عناصر غذایی و همچنین افزایش مؤلفه­های رشدی در گیاه گردید. ذغال زیستی در سطح سه درصد وزنی در مقایسه با سه درصد وزنی کمپوست و شاهد (فاقد کود آلی) نتیجه­ی بهتری را در افزایش مؤلفه­های رشدی و جذب عناصر غذایی نشان داد. نتایج این آزمایش حاکی از توانایی کمپوست و ذغال زیستی در کاهش اثرات تنش شوری و به تبع آن تنش خشکی است که علت آن را می‌توان قابلیت نگهداشت آب توسط کمپوست و ذغال زیستی آن دانست. بنابراین استفاده از کمپوست مصرف شده به منظور بازیافت و دفع بی‌ضرر این ماده زائد و برای افزایش سطح بهره‌وری خاک‌های شور و همچنین تبدیل آن به ذغال زیستی با رویکرد افزایش راندمان کودی می‌تواند مؤثر ‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Spent Mushroom Compost and Its Biochar on Parsley Yield under Salinity Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Karami Niya 1
  • Nafiseh Rang Zan 2
  • habiballah Nadian Ghomsheh 3
  • Amin Lotfi Jalal Abadi 4
1 Former M.Sc student, Department of Soil Science, Collage of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Collage of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Collage of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Collage of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
چکیده [English]

Mushroom compost is thrown away after mushroom harvesting as wastes. In order to investigate the effect of spent mushroom compost (SMC) and its biochar on growth parameters and some nutrients uptake by parsley under salinity stress, a completely randomized design experiment with three replications was carried out in green house of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. The Factors consisted of SMC and its biochar, each at two levels (0 and 3 % by weight) and at two levels of salinity (2 and 6 dS/m). The results showed that by increasing salinity from 2 to 6 dS/m, fresh and dry weight of aboveground part, concentration of iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus decrease significantly (P<0.01). In versus, sodium concentration was increased in aboveground part of the plant by increasing salinity. Application of organic fertilizers as SMC and its biochar increased nutrients uptake and plant growth parameters. Application of 3% biochar as compared to compost and control showed better results in terms of increasing growth parameters and nutrients uptake. The results of this study indicated that the compost and its biochar are able to decrease salinity stress as well as drought tension - due to their capacity of holding water. Therefore, reusing and safe disposing of compost wastes and their biochar could be an effective practice for improving soil nutrients and productivity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spent Mushroom Compost
  • Biochar
  • Salinity stress
  • Parsley
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