تأثیر منابع مختلف سیلیسیم و نانو سیلیسیم بر برخی پاسخ‌های مورفو فیزیولوژیکی گیاه استویا rebaudiana Bertoni) (Stevia

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی،دانشگاه تهران، کرج ایران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج ایران

4 مدیر عامل شرکت سپاهان رویش

چکیده

‌یکی از راهکارهای بهبود امنیت غذایی جمعیت رو به افزایش جهان، افزایش مقدار تولید در واحد سـطح است. برخی عناصر غذایی نظیر سیلیسیم ضمن بهبود کارایی جذب سایر عناصر، کیفیت تولید را نیز افزایش می‎دهند. در این پژوهش، تأثیر منابع مختلف سیلیسیم شامل سیلیکات پتاسیم در دو سطح 400 و 200 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم، سیلیکات کلسیم در دو سطح 400 و  200 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم، هیومیستار سیلیسیم در دو سطح 400 و 200 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم، نانو سیلیسیم در دو سطح 100 و 50 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم و تیمار شاهد بر پاسخ‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی استویا بررسی شد. پس از سه ماه دوره کاشت و داشت، گیاهان برداشت و ویژگی‌های وزن‌تر و خشک ساقه و وزن‌تر و خشک‌ریشه، ارتفاع و  قطر ساقه، حجم ریشه و سطح برگ به‌عنوان شاخص‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی گیاه، کلروفیل برگ و همچنین غلظت عناصر سیلیسیم، فسفر، پتاسیم در ساقه گیاه، و همچنین گلیکوزیدهای موجود در برگ استویا، شامل استویوزاید، ریبودیوزاید A و B اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج حاکی از اثر معنی‌دار کاربرد سیلیسیم بر وزن‌تر و خشک ساقه و ریشه، ارتفاع ساقه، حجم ریشه، قطر ساقه، سطح برگ و شاخص کلروفیل برگ بود. کاربرد تیمارهای 200 سیلیکات کلسیم و 100 نانو سیلیسیم و 200 هیومیستار سیلیسیم بیش­ترین وزن‌تر ساقه را نسبت به شاهد حاصل کرد و تیمار 100 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم نانو سیلیسیم به ترتیب سبب افزایش 55، 64 و 35 درصدی عناصر ذکرشده در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد. تیمار 400 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم هیومیستار سیلیسیم بیش­ترین درصد استویوزاید (23/5)، ریبودیوزاید A با (67/0) را نشان دادند. با توجه به اثربخشی کاربرد عنصر سیلیسیم بر پاسخ‌های مورفوفیزیولوژی، تغذیه‌ای و بهبود کیفیت قندهای استویوزاید و ریبودیوزاید، توصیه می‌شود در کنار مصرف بهینه عناصر غذایی به نقش این عنصر ارزشمند به‌ویژه به‌عنوان یک عنصر ضد تنش، توجه بیشتری معطوف گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Silicon Sources and Nano Silicon on Some Morphophysiologic Response of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

نویسندگان [English]

  • reza malmir 1
  • Babak Motesharezadeh 2
  • Leyla Tabrizi 3
  • Farzaneh Bekhradi 4
1 Soil Science Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Soil Science Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology,University College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Manager of Sepahan Rooyesh Company
چکیده [English]

One of the ways to improve the food security of a growing population of the world is to increase the amount of production per unit area. Some of the nutrient elements such as silicon not only increase nutrient use efficiency but also increment product quality. In this research, the effects of various sources of silicon included Potassium silicate, Calcium silicate, Humistar Si in two levels 200 and 400 mg/kg and Nano-silicon in two levels 50 and 100 mg/kg and Control treatment on morphophysiological responses of the herb of the stevia plant were examined. After three months, the plants were harvested and fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, height and diameter of the shoot, root volume and leaf area as morphophysiological indices of the plant, and leaf chlorophyll, the concentration of silicon, phosphorus, potassium in the shoots, and Glycosides in the stevia leaf, including Stevioside, Rebaudioside A and B were measured. The results showed the effects of silicon sources on the fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, height of shoot, root volume, stem diameter, leaf area and leaf chlorophyll index were significant. The treatments of calcium silicate-200, Nanosilicon-100, and Humistar silicon-200 yielded the highest fresh weight of the shoot compared to the control samples and Nanosilicon-100 led to an increase of 55, 64, and 35% of mentioned elements compared to the control treatment. The treatment of Humistar silicon-400 showed the highest amounts of Stevioside (5.23%), Rebaudioside A (0.67%). Considering the effectiveness of the use of silicon element on morpho-physiological and nutritional responses, and improving the quality of Stevioside and Rebaudioside sugars, it is recommended that along with the optimal use of nutrients, more attention should be paid to the role of this valuable element.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Stevia medicinal herb
  • Silicon
  • Morpho-physiological
  • Essential elements
  • secondary metabolites

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اردیبهشت 1399
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