اثر فواصل و اعماق مختلف قطره چکان ها در آبیاری قطره ای زیرسطحی بر میزان بهره وری آب و عملکرد نیشکر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آبیاری و زهکشی،دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب،دانشگاه شهید چمران،اهواز، ایران

2 گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران.

3 دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب

چکیده

بالا بودن تبخیر، دمای هوا و کیفیت نسبتاً پایین آب آبیاری، از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدودکننده آبیاری نیشکر در خوزستان هستند. آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی با اعمال مدیریت مناسب، می­تواند موفق­ عمل ­نماید، لذا به همین منظور اثر اعماق کارگذاری 15، 20 و 30 و فواصل50، 60 و 75 سانتی­متری قطره­چکان­ها، بر بهره­وری آب و عملکرد نیشکر به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی بررسی شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس صفات کمی نشان داد که از نظر فواصل و اعماق کارگذاری و اثرات متقابل آنها، اختلاف معنی­داری در سطح احتمال 1% بین تیمارها وجود دارد. نتایج صفات کیفی نیز نشان داد که تیمارهای آزمایش در اغلب صفات، از نظر فاصله بین قطره­چکان­ها، اختلاف معنی­داری در سطح احتمال 1% دارند. بررسی شاخص بهره­وری آب به ازای نیشکر و شکر تولیدی نشان داد که تیمارهای آزمایش از نظر فاصله بین قطره­چکان­ها، در سطح احتمال 1% معنی­دار بوده ولی از نظر اعماق کارگذاری و اثرات متقابل فاصله و عمق کارگذاری، اختلاف معنی­داری ندارند. بیشترین عملکردهای کمی در فاصله 50 و عمق کارگذاری 20 سانتی­متری قطره­چکان­ها و بیشترین عملکردهای کیفی در فواصل60 و 50 و عمق کارگذاری 15 و 20 سانتی­متری قطره­چکان­ها مشاهده شد. در فاصله 60 سانتی­متری و عمق کارگذاری 20 سانتی­متری قطره­چکان­ها، بیشترین بهره­وری آب به ازای نیشکر و شکر تولیدی، به­ترتیب به­میزان 18/7 و 87/0 و در فاصله 75 سانتی­متری و عمق کارگذاری 20 سانتی­متری قطره­چکان­ها، کم­ترین بهره­وری آب به ازای نیشکر و شکر تولیدی، به ترتیب به­میزان 17/5 و 61/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب به­دست آمد. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده و در نظر گرفتن سایر شرایط اجرایی و آب و هوایی، عمق 20 سانتی­متری کارگذاری لوله آبده و فاصله 50 سانتی­متری قطره­چکان­ها روی لوله فرعی، پیشنهاد می­شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Different Depths and Spaces of Emitters in Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Water Productivity and Sugarcane Yield

نویسندگان [English]

  • ali Sheini Dashtegol 1
  • Abdali Naseri 2
  • saeed Boroomand Nasab 3
1 Irrigation and Drainage Group,Faculty of Water Engineering , Shahid Chamran University,ahvaz, Iran
2 Irrigation and Drainage Group, Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, ahvaz.
3 Professor Irrigation Dept., Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
چکیده [English]

   High temperature and evaporation and low quality irrigation water are the most limiting factors for irrigation of sugarcane in Khuzestan. Subsurface drip irrigation can be successful with proper management. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on Water Productivity and sugarcane yield. Two factors consist of installation depth (15, 20, 30 cm) and emitters spaces (50, 60, 75 cm) were applied in a factorial experiment with randomized complete block design. The results of variance analysis of quantity characteristic indicated that there were significant differences between treatments in terms of installation depths, emitter space and their interactions at 1% probability level. Also the results of quality characteristics showed a significant differences among the emitter's spaces at 1% probability level. Investigation of water productivity index showed that there were significant differences among the emitters space for sugarcane and sugar production at 1% probability level. But there was no significant differences among emitter depths and depth-space interactions. The maximum quantity yield occurred in drip laterals with 50 cm emitter space and 20 cm installation depth. The highest quality yield was seen in laterals with 50 and 60 cm emitter spaces and 15 and 20 cm installation depths. The highest water productivity for sugarcane and sugar production was obtained 7.18 and 0.87 kg /m3 in laterals with emitter space of 60 cm and installation depth of 20 cm. Also the least water productivity for sugarcane and sugar production was 5.17 and 0.61 kg/m3 in laterals with emitter space of 75 cm and installation depth of 20 cm. Finally, according to the obtained results and considering other conditions, laterals with 50 cm emitter space and 20 cm installation depth are suggested for irrigation of sugarcane fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Emitters
  • Subsurface drip irrigation
  • Sugarcane yield
  • Water Productivity
Abbasi, F. and. Sheinidashtegol, A. (2016). Assess and improve the management of furrow irrigation in irrigated fields of sugarcane in Khuzestan. Journal of Water and Soil Science, (2)4, 109-121. (In Farsi).
Ben-Gal, A., Lazorovitch, N. and Shani, U. (2004). Subsurface Drip Irrigation in Gravel Filled Cavities. Vadose Zone Journal 3:1407-1413.
Bull, T. A. (1971). Thecu path way related to growth rates in sugarcane. PP. 68-75. In: M. D. Hatch, C. B. Osmond and R. O. Slatyer (Eds.), Photosynthesis and Photorespiration. John Wiley Inc., USA.
Dalri, A. B. and Cruz, R. L. (2008). Produtividade da cana-de-açúcar fertirrigada com NeK via gotejamento subsuperficial. Eng. Agr. 28(3), 516–524 (in Portuguese).
ICUMSA (International Commission for Uniform Methods in Sugar Analysis). (2009). ICUMSA Methods book and ICUMSA supplement. Edt, Whalley, H.C.S. Elsevier publishing company, Amsterdam, London, New York. 420pp.
Javadi, F., Moazed, H., Haghnazari, F., Bait leteh, R. (2011). Evaluation Water Productivity and Water Use Efficiency in the cultivation of sugar cane on the CP57-614 Variety  in the agro-industry Hakim Farabi, The first national conference on strategies for achieving sustainable agriculture, PNU, Ahvaz (In Farsi).
Lamm, F. R., and Camp, C.C. (2007). Subsurface drip irrigation. Micro irrigation for crop production: Design, operation and management, F. R. Lamm, J. E. Ayars and F. S. Nakayama, eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 618.
Lamm, F. R., and Trooien, T. P. (2003). Subsurface drip irrigation for corn roduction: a review of 10 years of research in Kansas.” Irrig. Sci., 22(2–3), 195–200.
Leonardo N.S. dos Santosa, Edson E. Matsura, Ivo Z. Gonc¸ alves, Eduardo A.A. Barbosa, Aline A. Nazário, Natalia F. Tuta, Marcelo C.L. Elaiuy, Daniel R.C. Feitosa, Allan C.M. de Sousa. (2016). Water storage in the soil profile under subsurface drip irrigation: Evaluating two installation depths of emitters and two water qualities, Agricultural Water Management, n170, 91-98.
Nameless. (1971). First consultant engineers, First Phase Studies in the Sugarcane Development and industry Company Plan, Vol 7, Sugarcane studies (In Farsi).
Oliveira, R.C., Cunha, N.F., da Silva, N. F., Teixeira, M. B., Soares, F. A. L., and Megguer, C. A. (2014). Productivity of fertirrigated sugarcane in subsurface drip irrigation system. Africa journal of agriculture research. Vol.9 (11). Pp993-1000.
Pires, R.C.M.; Barbosa, E.A.A., Arruda, F.B.,Sakai,E., and da Silva, T.J.A. (2014). Effects of Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Different Planting Arrangements on the Yields and Technological Quality of Sugarcane. J. Irrig. Drain Eng.
Regina Célia, M. P; Eduardo Augusto A. B; Flávio Bussmeyer A; Emílio, S. and Tonny Jose A.S. (2015). Effects of Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Different Planting Arrangements on the Yields and Technological Quality of Sugarcane. ASCE, A5014001-1, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng.
Saifi, A., Mirlatifi, S.M., Dehghani Sanich, H., Torabi, M. (2014). The effect of irrigation rounds On the distribution of moisture and salinity in pistachio orchards under subsurface drip irrigation, Irrigation and Drainage Journal of Iran, No 4, Vol 8, P. 786-799 (In Farsi).
Sedaghati, N, Hosaini - Fard, S.J, Mohamadi Mohamad- Abadi, (2012). Compare the effect of surface and subsurface drip irrigation on growth and yield of pistachio trees, Journal of Soil and Water, 26(3): p. 575-585 (In Farsi)
Sheini Dashtegol, A., Kashkouli, H.A., Boroomand Nasab, S. (2009), The effects of every-other furrow irrigation on Water Use Efficiency and quality and quantity characteristics  in South Ahvaz sugarcane fields, Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, year 13, No 49, P. 45-57 (In Farsi).
Skaggs TH, Trout TJ, Šimůnek J and Shouse PJ. (2004). Comparison of HYDRUS-2D simulations of drip irrigation with experimental observations. J Irrig Drain Eng 130: 304–310.
Thompson, D.L. Roberts, T., and Lazarovitch, N. (2010). Managing soil surface salinity with subsurface drip irrigation. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia.
Thorburn, P.J., Cook, F. J. and Bristow, K. L. (2003). Soil dependent wetting from trickle emitters: Implication for system design and management Irrigation Science.22:121-127.
Uribe, R. A. M., DE C. Gava, G. J.,  Saad, J. C. C. and  Kolln, O. T. (2013).  Ratoon sugarcane yield integrated drip irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. Eng. Agríc., Jaboticabal, Vol.33, N.6, p.1124-1133.