ارزیابی توان تعدادی از گونه‌های تریکودرما در انحلال فسفات و آزادسازی پتاسیم در شرایط درون‌شیشه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکترای گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

3 استاد گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

کمبود عناصر غذایی پرمصرف از جمله فسفر و پتاسیم به‌دلیل نقش‌های مهم و حیاتی این عناصر بسیار مورد توجه می‌باشد. اگرچه مقدار کل فسفر و پتاسیم در خاک زیاد می‌باشد ولی ایجاد شکل‌های نامحلول فسفر و همچنین تثبیت شدن پتاسیم در سیلیکات­ها، منجر به کمبود این عناصر ضروری شده است. استفاده از میکروارگانیسم‌های دارای توان انحلال شکل‌های فسفات‌ نا‌محلول و پتاسیم تثبیت شده در سیلیکات‌ها می‌تواند در رفع کمبود این عناصر برای گیاه موثر باشند. در پژوهش اخیر، 7 گونه قارچ تریکودرما انتخاب و تاثیر آن‌ها بر آزادسازی فسفر و پتاسیم در سه محیط کشت پیکوفسکایا، پیکوفسکایای تغییر یافته و الکساندروف مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که در محیط کشت مایع پیکوفسکایا میزان آزادسازی فسفر از منبع فسفر معدنی نامحلول (تری­کلسیم­فسفات) توسط تریکودرما، هم‌سو با کاهش pH بود. گونه‌های Trichoderma koningii، T.harzianum،  T.citrinovirideو T.viridescens بیش‌ترین توان انحلال فسفات را داشتند و فسفر محلول را به ترتیب به میزان 244، 205، 191 و 190 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند. دو محیط کشت الکساندروف و پیکوفسکایای تغییر یافته علاوه بر فسفات معدنی نامحلول، دارای پتاسیم از منبع بیوتیت نیز بودند. مشاهده شد که میزان آزادسازی فسفر در این دو محیط نسبت به محیط کشت پیکوفسکایا که دارای پتاسیم قابل دسترس می­باشد، کمتر است. T.koningii در محیط الکساندروف و T.harzianumدر محیط پیکوفسکایای تغییر­یافته نیز بیشترین توان آزادسازی پتاسیم از بیوتیت را داشتند. این گونه­ها پتاسیم محلول را به میزان 123 و 20 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که گونه­های قارچ تریکودرما دارای توانایی انحلال فسفات از تری‌کلسیم‌فسفات و آزادسازی پتاسیم از بیوتیت در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای می باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Phosphate Solubilizing and Potassium Releasing Ability of Some Trichoderma Species under in-vitro Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Safoora Nahidan 1
  • Shamsi Hashemi 2
  • Dostmorad Zafari 3
1 Assistant Professor of Soil Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Ph.D. student of Soil Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 Professor of Plant Patology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The deficiency of macro-nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium is very important due to vital roles of these elements. Although the total amount of phosphorus and potassium in the soil is high, the formation of insoluble forms of phosphorus, as well as the stabilization of potassium in silicates, has led to the shortage of these essential elements. The use of microorganisms, having the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphate forms and potassium fixed in silicates, can be effective in reducing the deficiency of these elements for the plant. In this research, 7 species of Trichoderma fungis were selected and their effects on the release of phosphorus and potassium were evaluated in Pikovskaya’s, Alexandrov’s and modified Pikovskaya’s media. The results showed that in Pikovskaya’s broth medium, phosphorus release rate by different species of fungi was consistent with decreasing pH. Trichoderma koningii, T.harzianum, T.citrinoviride and T.viridescens had the most phosphate solubilizing ability and increased soluble phosphorus by 244, 205, 191 and 190%, respectively. In both Aleksandrov’s and modified pikovskaya’s media, which contain both insoluble inorganic phosphate and potassium as biotite, it was observed that the dissolution rate of tri-calcium phosphate was lower than that of pikovskaya’s medium which has available potassium. T.koningii in Aleksandrov’s medium and T.harzianum in modified Pikovskaya’s medium had the highest ability to release potassium from biotite. These species increased potassium in solution by 123 and 20% compared to control, respectively. In general, the results showed that Trichoderma fungi has the ability to solubilize phosphate from tri-calcium phosphate and release potassium from biotite under in-vitro conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phosphate solubilization
  • potassium release
  • biotite
  • Trichoderma spp

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 50، شماره 5
مهر 1398
صفحه 1231-1242

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