بررسی غلظت‌های کلرید کادمیوم و کلرید کبالت بر برخی شاخص‌های میکروبی خاک تحت کشت گیاه مرزه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد خاک‌شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام.

2 استادیار خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام.

چکیده

در قرن بیستم، کاهش کیفیت و سلامت خاک به دلیل استفاده از منابع آبی بی‌کیفیت و آلوده به یک چالش اساسی تبدیل شده است. بر این اساس، غلظت‌های مختلف کلرید کبالت و کلرید کادمیوم آب آبیاری (صفر (شاهد)، 100، 200 و 400 میلی‌مولار) در دو آزمایش جداگانه به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1393 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام طی رشد رویشی گیاه دارویی مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.) در گلدان‌‌‌‌های پنج کیلوگرمی به ابعاد قطر دهانه 30 و ارتفاع 26 سانتی­متر بر برخی شاخص‌های میکروبی خاکدر طی دو ماه بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین میزان تنفس پایه و تنفس برانگیخته در نمونه شاهد و کمترین میزان این دو شاخص نیز در غلظت 400 میلی‌مولار کلرید  کادمیوم و کلرید کبالت برآورد گردید. از لحاظ کربن زیست‌توده میکروبی خاک، بیشترین (308 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) و کمترین (190 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) به ترتیب مربوط به شاهد و غلظت 400 میلی‌مولار از نمک کلرید کادمیوم بود. بیشترین (0/27 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) و کمترین (0/14 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) نیتروژن زیست‌توده میکروبی خاک به ترتیب در خاک شاهد و غلظت 400 میلی‌مولار کلرید  کادمیوم مشاهده شد. هم­چنین کمترین نیتروژن زیست‌توده میکروبی (0/19 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) در غلظت 400 میلی‌مولار نمک کلرید کبالت به دست آمد. شاخص­های بهره میکروبی، ضریب متابولیکی و زیست‌توده میکروبی فعال در نمونه شاهد بیشترین مقدار بودند. در اثر آبیاری با غلظت­های مختلف کلرید کبالت نسبت کربن به نیتروژن زیست‌توده میکروبی افزایش یافت. افزایش غلظت­های کلرید  کادمیوم و کلرید کبالت تأثیر منفی بر کیفیت میکروبی خاک را نشان داد که این امر توجه بیشتر به کیفیت آب آبیاری را برای سلامت و کیفیت جامعه میکروبی خاک و به‌تبع آن کیفیت و سلامت جامعه گیاهی و در نهایت سلامت و امنیت غذایی را نمایان می­سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Cadmium Chloride and Cobalt Chloride Concentrations on Some Soil Microbial Indices under Cultivated Savory Plant

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud Hammidi 1
  • Masoud Bazgir 2
1 Graduate Master, Department of Water and Soil Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Water and Soil Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University
چکیده [English]

In the twentieth century, soil quality and health declining has become a major challenge due to application of poor and polluted water sources. Accordingly, the effect of different concentrations of cobalt chloride and cadmium chloride in irrigation water (0 (control), 100, 200 and 400 mM) on some soil microbial indices during vegetative growth of the medicinal Savory plant (Satureja hortensis L.), in two separate experiments was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty in Ilam. The experiments were done in 5 kg-pots with 26 cm in height and 30 cm in diameter and longed for two months in 2014. The results showed the highest values of basal respiration rate and substrateinduced respiration in the control and the lowest values of these two indices in 400 mM concentrations of cadmium chloride and cobalt chloride. In terms of soil microbial biomass carbon, the highest value (308 mg.kg-1 soil) and the lowest value (190 mg.kg-1 soil) were found in the control and 400 mM concentration of cadmium chloride salt solution, respectively. The highest (27 mg.kg-1 soil) and the lowest (14 mg.kg-1 soil) values of soil microbial biomass nitrogen were found in control and 400 mM concentration of cadmium chloride, respectively. As well as, the lowest (19 mg.kg-1 soil) amount of soil microbial biomass nitrogen was obtained in 400 mM concentration of cobalt chloride salt solution. The highest amount of microbial quotient, metabolic coefficient and microbial biomass were observed in the control treatment. The microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen ratio increased by irrigation water with different concentrations of cobalt chloride. Increasing the concentrations of cadmium chloride and cobalt chloride showed a negative effect on the microbial quality of the soil, which will pay more attention to the quality of irrigation water for health and quality of the soil microbial community, and hence the quality and overall health of the plant, and ultimately represent health and food safety.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil respiration
  • Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen
  • Soil quality
  • Heavy metals
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