استخراج هیومیک اسید از زغال‌سنگ‌‌های لیگنایت با استفاده از راکتورهای مخزنی همزن‌دار (STRs): ارزیابی پارامترهای فرآیند و خواص محصول نهایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، گروه مهندسی فنی کشاورزی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه شهرکرد.

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی فناوری صنایع غذایی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران.

4 استاد/ گروه مهندسی فن‌آوری کشاورزی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

5 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر (پلی تکنیک).

چکیده

استخراج هیومیک اسید از زغال­سنگ­های لیگنایت غنی از ترکیبات هیومیکی، در سال­های اخیر به­عنوان یک موضوع و فرصت برجسته تحقیقاتی مطرح شده است. تکنیک رایج برای استخراج هیومیک اسید بر پایه‌ حلالیت آن‌ها در محیط­های قلیایی و اسیدی است. اکثر پژوهش­ها، مدت‌زمان استخراج و تفکیک­ هیومیک اسید را 24 ساعت و بازده استخراج را بین 10 تا %80 گزارش کرده­اند. در این پژوهش، شدت­بخشی استخراج هیومیک اسید از زغال‌سنگ­های لیگنایت، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور، ابتدا یک راکتور مخزنی همزن­دار ناپیوسته طراحی و سپس ساخته شد. پارامترهای عملیاتی فرآیند مانند دما در سه سطح (50، 70 و 90 درجه سلسیوس)، مدت‌زمان فرآیند در سه سطح (1، 2 و 4 ساعت) و سرعت همزنی در سه سطح (250، 550 و 850 دور بر دقیقه) به­عنوان متغیرهای مستقل و بازده استخراج هیومیک اسید به­عنوان متغیر وابسته در نظر گرفته شدند و بازده راکتور ساخته‌شده با روش مرسوم (دستگاه هات پلیت) مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج آماری تجزیه واریانس (ANOVA) حاصل از تحلیل داده­ها، اختلاف معنی­داری در بازده استخراج هیومیک اسید با راکتور ساخته­شده و روش‌ هات­پلیت نشان داد. تحت شرایط یکسان دما، سرعت همزن و مدت‌زمان فرآیند، بازده استخراج هیومیک اسید با راکتور در مقایسه با روش هات­پلیت به میزان %30 بیشتر بود. بیشترین بازده استخراج هیومیک اسید توسط راکتور در دمای 90 درجه سلسیوس، سرعت همزنی 850 دور بر دقیقه و زمان فرآیند 4 ساعت حاصل شد. در این شرایط، 8/56 درصد هیومیک اسید از زغال‌سنگ­های لیگنایت، استخراج و جداسازی شد. نتایج آنالیز کیفی طیف­سنجی FT-IR، یک ساختار غالب آروماتیک و غنی از گروه­های عاملی کربوکسیلی، فنولی و هیدروکسیلی با زنجیره­های جانبی آلیفاتیک را در ساختار هیومیک اسید نشان داد. نتایج آنالیز CHNOS و نسبت­های اتمی (C/N، O/C و H/C) نیز علاوه بر تائید کیفیت زغال­سنگ استفاده­شده، شاخص­های کیفی هیومیک اسید استخراج­شده را با نمونه­­­های هیومیک اسید استاندارد IHSS و تجاری آلدریچ مطابقت می­دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Extraction of Humic Acid from Lignite Coals using Stirred Tank Reactors (STRs): Assessment of Process Parameters and Final Product Charaterization

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Sarlaki Sarlaki 1
  • Mohammad Sokhandan Toomaj 2
  • Ali Sharif Paghaleh 3
  • Mohamadhosein Kianmehr 4
  • Omid Nikousefat 5
1 ph.D student of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Department of Agro-Technology Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran.
2 Ph.D Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, University of Shahrekord.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Food Technology Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran.
4 Professor, Department of Agro-Technology Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran.
5 Ph.D Student, Chemistry Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic).
چکیده [English]

Extraction of humic acid (HA) from lignite coals that are rich in humic compounds has been highlighted in recent years as a superior and prominent research issue. The conventional technique used to extract HA is based on their solubility in alkaline and acidic mediums. Most litertures have reported the extraction time and separation of HA to be 24 hours and the extraction efficiency between 10 to 80%. In this research, the intensification of HA extraction from lignite coals has been studied. For this purpose, a batch stirred tank reactor (BSTR) was first designed and then fabricated. The processing parameters such as temperature at three levels (50, 70 and 90° C), process time at three levels (1, 2 and 4 hours) and stirring speed at three levels (250, 550 and 850 rpm) were considered as independent variables and extraction yield of HA was considered as dependent variable and the performance of the constructed reactor was compared with a conventional method (Hot Plate device). The statistical results of variance analysis (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between the yield of HA extraction with the reactor and Hot Plate method. Under the same conditions of temperature, stirred speed and process time, the yield of HA extraction with the reactor was 30% higher than the Hot Plate device. The optimal conditions for extraction of HA by the reactor were obtained at temperature of 90° C, stirring speed of 850 rpm and 4 hour process time. In these conditions, 56.8% of HA was extracted and separated from lignite coals. The qualitative results of FT-IR spectroscopy showed a predominant aromatic and rich in carboxylic, phenolic and hydroxylic functional groups with aliphatic side chains in the HA structure. The results of quantitative analysis of the CHNOS main elements and atomic ratios (C/N, O/C and H/C), confirms the quality of the used coal and also matches up the quality indices of produced HA with the IHSS standard and commercial Aldrich HA samples.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Humic Acid
  • Lignite Coals
  • Extraction Yield
  • Intensification

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 50، شماره 5
مهر 1398
صفحه 1111-1125

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