اثر تغذیه برگی برخی عناصر ریزمغذی بر جذب گیاه پونه آبی در شرایط کمبود فسفر خاک‌

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاهان دارویی، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 استادیار گروه گیاهان دارویی، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم خاک، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

فسفر یکی از عناصر پرمصرف کودی بوده و در خاک­های آهکی ایران محدودیت جذب دارد. از طرفی با توجه به مشکلات مصرف خاکی عناصر ریزمغذی، کاربرد برگی عناصر ریزمغذی، می­تواند اثرات کمبود فسفر را تعدیل نماید. این مطالعه به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با هدف بررسی تاثیر عناصر ریزمغذی (آهن، روی و مس) بر جذب عناصر غذایی گیاه پونه (Mentha aquatica L.) در شرایط کمبود فسفر انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دوسطح کمبود فسفر و نرمال (شاهد) و کاربرد محلول­پاشی با دو سطح 1% و 2% بودند. اعمال کمبود فسفر باعث کاهش معنی­دار محتوای فسفر در ریشه شد. محلو­ل­پاشی عناصر مس و آهن 2% باعث افزایش محتوای فسفر در شرایط کمبود فسفر نسبت به شاهد شد. تحت کمبود فسفر تغذیه برگی با آهن، مس، و روی باعث کاهش محتوای فسفر و نیتروژن قابل جذب خاک در بیشتر تیمارها گردید. کاربرد روی و آهن تحت کمبود فسفر به­صورت محلول­­پاشی، غلظت نیترات در اندام­ هوایی و ریشه را افزایش داد. در تحقیق حاضر محلول­پاشی روی، آهن و مس باعث افزایش محتوای آن­ها در اندام هوایی و ریشه پونه شد. محلول­پاشی آهن 2% باعث افزایش محتوای فسفر، نیترات و آهن اندام هوایی گیاه پونه شد. نتایج مقایسه اورتوگونال نشان داد که بین محلول­پاشی ریزمغذی­ها و شاهد و محلول­پاشی آهن نسبت به روی و مس و محلول­پاشی روی نسبت به مس در محتوای عناصر غذایی در اندام هوایی و ریشه گیاه پونه در اغلب موارد تفاوت معنی­دار وجود داشت. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده می­توان تغذیه برگی ریزمغذی به صورت محلول­پاشی را به عنوان پیشنهاد مناسبی برای کاهش اثرات کمبود عناصر پرمصرف به ویژه فسفر در نظر گرفت. به نظر می­رسد محلول­پاشی آهن و روی در اندام هوایی و محلول­پاشی مس در ریشه بیشترین تاثیر را بر جذب سایر عناصر غذایی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Influence of Leaf Nutrition of Some Micronutrients on Absorption of Mentha Plant under Soil Phosphorus Deficiency

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maasoumeh Kharazmi 1
  • Nayer Mohammadkhani 2
  • moslem servati 3
1 MSc student, Department of Medicinal Plants, Shahid Bakeri High Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Medicinal Plants, Shahid Bakeri High Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Shahid Bakeri High Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Phosphorus is one of the most used fertilizer macronutrients and in calcareous soils of Iran, its absorption is limited. On the other hand, considering the problems caused by the soil use of micronutrients, it is possible to modify the effects of phosphorus deficiency by spraying micronutrients. This study was conducted as factorial in a completely randomized design in three replications to investigate the effect of leaf nutrition of micronutrients (iron, zinc and copper) on the absorption of nutrients of Mentha aquatica L. in phosphorus deficiency conditions. Experimental treatments consisted of no deficiency (control) and two levels of phosphorus deficiency and foliar application of Fe2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ in concentration of 1 and 2%. Deficient plants showed a significant decrease in P content of root. Spraying Fe2+ and Cu2+ 2% caused increase in P content under deficiency. Foliar nutrition with iron, zinc and copper caused decrease in nitrogen and phosphorus content in deficient plants. Applying zinc and iron as spraying caused increase in NO3content in shoots and roots. In the present study, spraying zinc, iron and copper caused increase in their contents in shoots and roots of Mentha. Spraying Fe2+ 2% caused increase in P, NO3 and Fe2+ contents in shoots of Mentha plant. The orthogonal comparison results showed that there was a significant difference in nutrients content between foliar application of micronutrients and control and also between foliar application of iron compare to copper and zinc and foliar application of zinc compared to copper in shoots and roots of Mentha. Regarding the obtained results, leaf nutrition of micronutrients as spraying can be mentioned as a suitable suggestion to reduce the effects of macronutrients deficiency, especially phosphorus. It seems that spraying iron and zinc showed the highest effect in absorption of other nutrients in shoots, also spraying copper had the highest effect in roots.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • micronutrients
  • Mentha aquatic
  • Nutrition
  • phosphorus deficiency
  • spraying
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