تأثیر شوری بر عملکرد ذرت در مراحل مختلف رشد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران

3 استاد گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

4 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران.

چکیده

افزایش نرخ رشد جمعیت و کاهش منابع آب تجدیدپذیر، منجر به اتخاذ راه‌کارهایی برای استفاده از منابع آب باکیفیت پایین در بخش کشاورزی شده ‌است. در این تحقیق، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کاملاً تصادفی با اعمال تنش شوری یک و دو مرحله‌ای در طول دوره رشد ذرت انجام شد. تیمار شوری در چهار سطح؛ (S1)5/1، (S2)5/2، (S3)4 و (S4)5/5 دسی‏زیمنس بر متر و تیمار مراحل رشد شامل تک‌مرحله؛ (P1)4برگی، (P2) گل‏دهی، (P3) شیری‌شدن دانه‏ها و جفت مرحله؛ P1P2، P1P3 و P2P3، در سه تکرار اجرا شد. در پایان دوره رشد، بیشترین عملکرد ذرت در تیمار P1S1 به‌مقدار 8/136 گرم بر بوته و کمترین آن در تیمار P2P3S4  به‌مقدار 7/41 گرم بر بوته بود. تیمارهای P1P2 وP1P3 با وجود پذیرش دوبار تنش در طول دوره رشد، نسبت به تیمار P2 و P3، به‌طور متوسط 33 و 17 درصد افزایش عملکرد داشت. درحالی‌که تیمار P2P3 نسبت به تیمار P2 و P3، 2/6 و 23 درصد کاهش عملکرد داشت. نتایج نشان داد که اعمال تنش شوری در مراحل اولیه رشد، ذرت را در مراحل حساس رشد، نسبت به تنش مذکور مقاوم می‌کند. بنابراین در بهره‌برداری تلفیقی از منابع آب‌ شور و شیرین، زمان‌بندی استفاده از آب شور حائز اهمیت خواهد بود.   

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Salinity on Maize Yield in Various Growth Stages

نویسندگان [English]

  • reza saeidi 1
  • Masoud Soltani 2
  • Abdolmajid Liaghat 3
  • Abbas Sotoodehnia 4
1 Ph.D of irrigation and drainage Engineering, Dept of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Assistant professor, Dept of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
3 Professor, Dep of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
4 Associate professor, Dept of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Increasing population growth and reducing water resources have led to use low-quality water resources in agricultural sector. In this study a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted to apply salinity stress on one and two stages of maize growth period. Irrigation water salinity treatments including four levels; S1(1.5), S2(2.5), S3(4.0) and S4(5.5 dS.m-1) and the application time (growth stages) of salinity stress including six levels; 4-leaf stage (P1), flowering stage (P2), milking stage (P3), 4-leaf and flowering stages (P1P2), 4-leaf and milking stages (P1P3) and flowering and milking stages (P2P3) were performed. At the end of growth period, the highest maize yield (136.8 g/plant) was corresponded to P1S1 treatment the lowest one (41.7 g/plant) was corresponded to P2P3S4 treatment. The maize yield increased 17 and 33% in P1P3 and P1P2 treatments as compared to P3 and P2 treatments, respectively, although they received salinity stresses two times during their growing periods.  While, the yield reduced 6.2 and 23% in P2P3 treatment as compared to P2 and P3 treatments, respectively. The results showed that the application of salinity stress in the early growth stages makes the crop to be resistant to salinity stress during the sensitive growth stages. Therefore, the application time of saline water will be important in terms of conjunction use of fresh and saline water resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Yield function
  • salinity
  • Salinity sensitive growth stages
  • maize

مراجع

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 50، شماره 8
دی 1398
صفحه 1975-1983

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