تأثیر مدیریت‌های مختلف آبیاری جویچه‌ای بر صرفه‌جویی و کارآیی مصرف آب ذرت علوفه‌ای در اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مدیریت آبیاری یکی از عوامل بسیار مهم و تأثیرگذار بر روند رشد و نمو گیاه ذرت است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی چگونگی رشد و نمو گیاه ذرت در مدیریت­های مختلف آبیاری جویچه­ای بود. این پژوهش به صورت کرت­های یک بار خرد شده، در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی کبوترآباد اصفهان انجام شد. عامل اصلی شامل سه سطح رژیم آبیاری سطحی (100%) I1، (%80) I2، (%60) I3 و عامل فرعی شامل سه روش آبیاری جویچه­ای مرسوم، یک در میان ثابت و متناوب بود. پارامترهای اندازه­گیری­شده شامل ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد تر و خشک اندام هوایی، سطح برگ و شاخص سطح برگ بود که در پنج مرحله از رشد گیاه ذرت علوفه‌ای انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر رژیم­های مختلف آبیاری و نیز نوع روش آبیاری جویچه­­ای بر ویژگی­های اندازه­گیری­شده اندام هوایی از نظر آماری در سطح یک درصد معنی­دار بوده است. رژیم آبیاری I1 در حضور آبیاری جویچه­ای مرسوم و رژیم  I3در روش آبیاری یک در میان ثابت به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تأثیر را بر صفات مختلف رشد اندام هوایی داشتند. ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد تر و خشک در آبیاری جویچه­ای مرسوم و رژیم I1 به ترتیب برابر190 سانتیمتر، 63978 و 20830 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. همین صفات در رژیم آبیاری I3 و در روش آبیاری یک در میان ثابت به ترتیب برابر با  116 سانتیمتر، 33665 و 8053 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. با تغییر آبیاری جویچه­ای مرسوم به آبیاری جویچه­ای یک در میان تا مرحله برداشت ذرت علوفه‌ای، 12/39 درصد در آب کاربردی صرفه‌جویی شد و مقادیر کارآیی مصرف آب آبیاری نیز 37 درصد افزایش یافت. به طور کلی با اعمال شرایط کم آبیاری تا 20 درصد در آبیاری جویچه­ای مرسوم و یا با کاربرد آبیاری جویچه‌ای متناوب، می­توان ضمن صرفه­جویی در مصرف آب و افزایش کارآیی مصرف آب به عملکرد قابل قبول نیز دست‌یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Furrow Irrigation Management on Water Saving and Water Use Efficiency of Maize in Isfahan

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohsen dehqani 1
  • mohamadreza nouri emamzadei 2
  • Ali Shahnazari 3
  • mahdi gheisari 4
1 PhD student of irrigation and drainage, Agriculture Department, shahrekord university, shahrekord, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord
3 Associate professor, Water Engineering Department Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
4 Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan
چکیده [English]

Irrigation management is one of the most important factors affecting the maize growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different furrow irrigation management on maize growth. This research was carried out as split plot in a randomized complete block design at Kabootarabad Research Station in Isfahan Province. The main factor included three levels of surface irrigation regime; I1 (100%), I2 (80%), I3 (60%) and the sub-factor included conventional, alternative and constant irrigation methods. The studied parameters were plant height, fresh and dry yield, leaf area and leaf area index, which were measured at five stages of maize growth. The results showed that the effect of different irrigation regimes and different types of furrow irrigation was statistically significant on forage maize properties at 1% level. The highest impact on growth properties was corresponded to I1 regime and conventional furrow irrigation and the lowest one was corresponded to I3 regime and constant alternative furrow irrigation. plant height, fresh and dry yield in conventional and standard irrigation were equal to190 cm, 63978 and 20830 kgha-1 respectively. The same traits in I3 irrigation regime and constant alternative furrow irrigation were obtained 116 cm, 33635 and 8053 kgha-1 respectively. Changing the conventional furrow irrigation to constant alternate furrow irrigation until the harvesting stage led to save water consumption 39.3% and water use efficiency was increased 37%. Generally, by executing deficit irrigation up to 20% in conventional furrow irrigation or by using alternative furrow irrigation, in addition of saving water consumption and increasing irrigation water use efficiency, a reliable yield can be produced.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alternative furrow irrigation
  • Water use efficiency
  • Water saving
  • Maize growth stages
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