اثر تنش آبی بر میزان تبخیر و تعرق، اسانس و برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی گیاه دارویی مرزه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان. لرستان، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری اکواوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران.

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت کشت گیاهان دارویی از جمله گیاه مرزه در سطح وسیع و وضعیت منابع آب کشور، تعیین میزان تبخیر و تعرق، اسانس و عملکرد گیاهان دارویی تحت تنش آبی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. با توجه به اینکه در زمینه برآورد میزان تبخیر و تعرق و ضرایب گیاهی مرزه تحقیق قابل‌توجه و جامعی انجام نشده است، برای این منظور، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان در سال 1396 انجام گرفت. برای این منظور از مینی‌لایسیمترها (گلدان‎ها) با قطر 25 و ارتفاع 30 سانتی‌متر استفاده گردید. در این تحقیق آبیاری به روش وزنی انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آبیاری شامل T100: تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی، T80: تأمین 80 درصد نیاز آبی، T60: تأمین 60 درصد نیاز آبی، T40: تأمین 40 درصد نیاز آبی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد صفات مورفولوژیک (ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد شاخه فرعی، قطر ساقه، قطر و طول ریشه و ماده خشک) تحت تأثیر تنش آبی به صورت معنی‌داری کاهش یافتند. میزان ماده خشک (برگ و گل و سرشاخه) در تمام تیمارها از T100 تا T40 به ترتیب برابر 9/1731، 9/1640، 9/1529 و 6/1408 کیلوگرم بر هکتار، درصد اسانس برابر 08/1، 30/1، 58/1 و 2 درصد و میزان تبخیر و تعرق، برابر 68/758، 74/653، 47/566 و 21/479 میلی‌متر حاصل شد. در تیمار 40 درصد نیاز آبی، میزان ماده خشک 19 درصد کاهش یافت، درصد اسانس دو برابر شد و بهره‌وری مصرف آب 29 درصد افزایش یافت. در این تحقیق میزان ضریب حساسیت گیاه مرزه به تنش آبی برابر 61/0 به دست آمد. با توجه به عدد مذکور، به نظر می‎رسد گیاه مرزه در شرایط گلدانی نسبت به تنش آبی نسبتاً مقاوم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Water Stress on Evapotranspiration and Morphological Characteristics of Satureja Hortensis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehri Saeedinia 1
  • Seyed Hamzeh Hosseinian 2
  • Farhad Beiranvand 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
2 Student of Crop Ecology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran.
3 Ph.D. Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Regarding the importance of medicinal plants cultivation such as Satureja hortensis and the state of the country's water resources, determination of medicinal plants' evapotranspiration, essential oil content and yield is very important under water stress. As, no comprehensive research has been done on determining evapotranspiration, essential oil content and morphological factors of Satureja hortensis under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted at research field of  Agricultural faculty in Lorestan University in 2017. For this purpose, mini lysimeters (pots with 25 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height) were used. In this research, irrigation was done by weighing method. Irrigation treatments included T100: supplying 100% of water requirement, T80: supplying 80% of water requirement, T60: supplying 60% of water requirement and T40: supplying 40% of water requirement. The results showed that all morphological characteristics (plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, as well as dry weight of leaf and flowering shoot, roots and stems) decreased significantly under water stress conditions. The dry matter (consist of leaf, flower and branch) in all treatments from T100 to T40 were 1731.92, 1640.9, 1529.9 and 1408.6 kg/ha, the essential oil percent were 1.08, 1.3, 1.58 and 2% and the amount of evapotranspiration were 758.68, 653.75, 566.47 and 479.208 mm, respectively. In T40 treatment the biomass decreased by 19%, the essential oil percent became double and water use efficiency increased by 29%. In this study, the yield response factor to water stress was estimated to be 0.61. According to this value, it seems Satureja hortensis is relatively resistant to water stress (under the condition of using pots).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • lysimeter
  • morphological characteristics
  • response factor
  • Satureja hortensis
  • water stress
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