تحلیل کیفیت خاک بوم‌سازگان حوزه آبخیز شازند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری، گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

چکیده

افزایش دانش و ارزیابی کیفیت خاک در بوم‌سازگان‌های مختلف از نظر مدیریت پایدار استفاده از زمین و کاهش تخریب در آن‌ها حائز اهمیت است. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل کیفیت خاک بوم‌سازگان تحت تأثیر کاربری‌های مختلف اراضی (کشاورزی آبی، دیم، باغ و مرتع)، بافت و توپوگرافی در حوزه آبخیز شازند با مساحت 1740 کیلومترمربع انجام شد. در این راستا 140 نمونه از عمق صفر تا30 سانتی‌متری خاک از واحدهای همگن با مساحت بیش از یک کیلومترمربع برداشت شد. سپس هدایت الکتریکی، pH، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، سنگریزه، شن، سیلت، رس، کربنات کلسیم معادل، نیتروژن و ماده آلی خاک اندازه‌گیری و تأثیرپذیری آن‌ها از کاربری‌های اراضی، بافت، شیب و ارتفاع با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره (MANOVA) مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از MANOVA نشان‌دهنده عدم اختلاف معنی‌دار (05/0 <P) ویژگی‌های مختلف خاک تحت تأثیر کاربری‌های مختلف اراضی بود. در ادامه با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل عاملی (PCA)، حداقل ویژگی‌های مؤثر بر کیفیت خاک با روش حداقل تعداد داده (MDS) تعیین شد. در نهایت با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل تشخیص (DA)، مقادیر شاخص کیفیت خاک محاسبه شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی و تحلیل تشخیص نشان‌دهنده تأثیرپذیری بیش‌تر ویژگی‌های هدایت الکتریکی و ماده آلی از شیب و کربنات کلسیم معادل و pH از عامل ارتفاع بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین مقادیر شاخص کیفیت خاک با استفاده از آزمون حداقل اختلاف معنی‌دار (LSD) به‌طور کلی بیان‌گر کیفیت ضعیف خاک در شیب‌های کم‌تر از 15 درصد و ارتفاع‌های بالای 2000 متر بود. نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند در انتخاب شیوه مناسب مدیریتی و مهار تخریب زمین و دست‌یابی به اهداف توسعه پایدار در بوم‌سازگان مختلف حوزه آبخیز شازند مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Soil Quality Analysis of the Shazand Watershed Ecosystem

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani 1
  • Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi 2
1 Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]

Increasing knowledge and soil quality evaluation in different ecosystems is important to improve sustainable land use management and to decrease land degradation. Therefore, the present study was planned to analyse the effects of different land use (irrigated farms, rain fed farms, orchards and rangelands), texture and topography on soil quality of Shazand Watershed with an area of 1740 km2. For this purpose, 140 soil samples were taken from top layer of the soil (0 to 30 cm) from homogeneous units representing an area of more than one square kilometers. Hence, various soil properties such as electrical connectivity (EC), pH, bulk density (BD), gravel, sand, silt, clay, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), nitrogen (N), soil organic carbon (SOC) were analyzed. Consequently, the effect of land uses, textures, slopes, and elevation on the measured soil properties were examined using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The result of MANOVA indicated that the different land uses had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on different soil properties. Also, the minimum effective properties on soil quality were determined by the minimum data set (MDS) with the help of principal components analysis (PCA). Finally, soil quality index values were calculated using discriminant analysis (DA). The results of PCA and DS showed that the EC, OM, CaCO3 and pH were influenced by soil texture, slope and elevation, respectively. Then, the comparison of mean soil quality values using the least significant differences (LSD) indicated poor soil quality on slopes less than 15% and elevations above 2000 m. The results of this research could be used for choosing appropriate management practices to control land degradation and to achieve sustainable development goals in different ecosystems of Shazand Watershed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcareous Soils
  • Discriminant analysis test
  • Minimum Data Set
  • topography

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 50، شماره 8
دی 1398
صفحه 1843-1854

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