اثرات تغییر کاربری اراضی بر رسوب‌دهی حوضه کوهدشت با استفاده از تکنیک منشایابی رسوب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی،دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، دانشکده علوم زمین، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار،گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تولید رسوب از مهم­ترین مسائل زیست­محیطی حوزه­های آبخیز است که بشدت حیات انسانی و زندگی جانوری را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد. بنابراین حفاظت خاک و مبارزه با فرسایش از ضروری­ترین اقداماتی است که بایستی به آن توجه شود. با توجه به این که عوامل مختلفی مانند تغییر کاربری اراضی می­تواند بر میزان رسوب‌دهی حوضه­ها اثر گذارد، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر رسوب‌دهی حوضه کوهدشت واقع در غرب استان لرستان انجام گرفت. به این منظور ابتدا تغییرات کاربری با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره­ای بررسی و سپس میزان دبی رسوب با استفاده از داده­های دبی جریان و غلظت رسوب ایستگاه هیدرومتری کشکان افرینه در خروجی حوضه محاسبه شد. سهم هر یک از کاربری­های اراضی در تولید رسوب با استفاده از تکنیک منشایابی رسوب بر اساس مدل عدم قطعیت Bayesian برآورد شد. نتایج نشان داد، تغییر کاربری از مرتع و جنگل به کشاورزی قابل‌توجه بوده به‌طوری‌که از سال 1361 تا سال 1395 به ترتیب حدود 49 و 8/24 درصد از زمین­های مرتع و جنگل کاهش‌یافته و 5/47 درصد به زمین­های کشاورزی اضافه‌شده است. نتایج بررسی داده­های ایستگاه هیدرومتری کشکان افرینه نشان داد، میانگین دبی رسوب از 954/5 تن در روز منتهی به سال 1361 به میانگین 079/7 تن در روز منتهی به سال 1395 رسیده است. نتایج مدل منشایابی رسوب نیز نشان داد اراضی کشاورزی بیشترین سهم را در تولید رسوب منطقه دارد. سهم (عدم قطعیت ۵ تا ۹۵ درصد) هر یک از منابع کشاورزی، مرتع و جنگل در تولید رسوب به ترتیب برابر با 95 (99-86)، 3 (12-0) و 9/0 (3-0) درصد و ضریب اهمیت نسبی هرکدام از این منابع به ترتیب برابر با 5/1، 28/0 و 03/0 محاسبه شد. این نتایج نشان می­دهد، مهم­ترین عامل در افزایش دبی رسوب، تغییر کاربری از مرتع و جنگل به کشاورزی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Land Use Change on Sediment Yield of Kouhdasht Basin Using Fingerprinting Technique

نویسندگان [English]

  • forouzan ahmadi 1
  • Kazem Nosrati 2
  • mohamad mehdi hoseinzadeh 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Geomorphology, Faculty Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor Head of Department Department of Physical Geography Faculty of Earth Sciences Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Sediment yield is the most important environmental issues in watershed basins which greatly affects human and animal life. Therefore, soil conservation and sediment control is one of the most important measures that should be paid attention. As various factors such as land use change can affect sediment yield,  this study was performed to investigate the effect of land use change on sediment yield of Kouhdasht basin, located in the west of Lorestan province. For this purpose firstly, land use changes were investigated using satellite imagery and then sediment discharge was estimated using discharge and sediment concentration data of Kashkan Afrine station located at the basin outlet. Finally, the contribution of land use in sediment yield was estimated using the fingerprinting technique based on the Bayesian uncertainty model. The results showed that the change in land use from grazing land and forest to agriculture was significant. So that during 1361-1395, 49 and 24.8% of the grazing and forest lands were reduced, respectively and agricultural lands increased by 47.5%. Also the results obtained from Kashkan Afrine station data showed that the average sediment discharge increased from 5.954 ton/day in 1361 to 7.079 ton/day in 1395. The results of fingerprinting sediment model indicated that the agricultural lands have the most contribution in sediment yield. The contribution (uncertainty of 5 to 95%) of agriculture, grazing land and forest in sediment yield were calculated to be 95 (86-99), 3.1 (0-12) and 0.9 (0-3) percent, respectively and the relative importance of each resources was calculated to be 1.5, 0.28 and 0.03, respectively. These results indicated that the most important factor increasing sediment discharge is the land use change from forest and rangeland to agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sediment sources
  • Uncertainty model
  • Sediment discharge
  • Lorestan
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