بررسی تجمع املاح در خاک تحت سیستم قطره ای زیرسطحی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار،مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی ، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، البرز، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد بخش مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، ایران

3 دانشیار بخش مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به نقش مهم میزان شوری و تجمع املاح خاک در کشاورزی آبی، مطالعه تغییرات املاح خاک و نحوه توزیع آن­ها در خاک در روش­های مختلف آبیاری و مدیریت­های آبیاری نیاز است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی توزیع املاح سدیم، منیزیم، کلسیم و نسبت جذب سدیم در سه رژیم آبیاری منطبق بر مدیریت زارع (I1)، نیاز آبی (I2) و نیاز آبی و آبشویی (I3) در منطقه صفائیه در استان سمنان در طی دو سال زراعی 1392-1391 اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان سدیم، منیزیم و نسبت جذب سدیم بعد از آبیاری نسبت به قبل از آبیاری کاهش یافت ولی مقدار کلسیم موجود در خاک تحت تأثیر زمان آبیاری قرار نگرفت. در دوره توسعه رشد بالاترین مقادیر نسبت جذب سدیم، سدیم و منیزیم به ترتیب در اعماق 75، 50 و 75 سانتی­متری مشاهده شد. بالا­ترین میزان سدیم و منیزیم در رژیم آبیاری I3 و در عمق خاک 75 سانتی­متری به ترتیب با مقدار 4/123 و 6/43 میلی­اکی­والان بر لیتر مشاهده شد. بالا­ترین میزان کلسیم در رژیم آبیاری I3 در عمق 25 سانتی­متری و به میزان 52 میلی­اکی­والان بر لیتر مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقدار SAR در عمق 75 سانتی­متری به میزان 4/12 بود که نشان­دهنده حرکت کلسیم به سمت بالا و زیر محل قرار­گیری قطره­چکان­ها است. همچنین اثرات متقابل رژیم آبیاری، عمق خاک و زمان آبیاری نیز نشان داد که بیش­ترین مقدار سدیم، منیزیم و کلسیم به ترتیب با مقادیر 8/131، 4/74 و 3/54 میلی­اکی­والان بر لیتر در تیمار آبیاری I3 در عمق 75 سانتی­متری و در زمان قبل از آبیاری مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان نسبت جذب سدیم به مقدار 8/12 نیز متعلق به همین تیمار بود. تغییرات کلسیم در خاک تحت دو رژیم آبیاری I2 و I3 اهمیت مدیریت آبیاری را برای کنترل شوری نشان می­دهد. نتایج نشان داد که رژیم آبیاری I2 به دلیل تجمع کمتر میزان املاح سدیم و منیزیم در منطقه ریشه و کاهش بیشتر نسبت جذب سدیم نسبت به دو رژیم دیگر شرایط بهتری را دارا است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Salt accumulation in the soil under a subsurface drip irrigation system

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Dehghanisanij 1
  • Hamidreza Haji Agha Bozorgi 2
  • AliAsghar Ghaemi 3
  • Masoud Noshadi 3
1 Associate, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
2 Master of Science in Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Salt accumulation in the soil profile is a challenge for irrigated agriculture and the study of salt concentration and its variation in the soil profile under different irrigation systems and management is needed. In this study, Sodium, magnesium, calcium and SAR concentration were studied under three irrigation regimes; farmer management (I1), Irrigation requirement (I2) and I2 plus leaching requirement (I3) in Safaeyeh in Kerman during two cultivation years (1391-1392). According to the results sodium, magnesium, and SAR deceased after irrigation but calcium did not affect by irrigation time. In development growth period, the highest values of SAR, sodium and magnesium were found to be corresponded to 75, 50 and 75 cm soil depth, respectively. The highest values of sodium and magnesium in I3 treatment were 123.4 and 43.6 meq/lit which were corresponded to the soil depth of 75cm. The highest value of calcium in I3 treatment was correspond to the soil depth of 25cm which was 52meq/lit. The highest value of SAR (12.4) was belong to the soil depth of 75 cm which indicates calcium has moved upward and toward the emitter. The interaction effect of irrigation regimes, soil depth, and recording time (before and after irrigation) showed that the highest concentrations of sodium, magnesium and SAR were 131.8, 74.4 and 54.3 meq/lit respectively, which were belong to I3 and 75 cm soil depth before irrigation. The highest amount of SAR was 12.8 which were belonging to I3 treatment, too. Calcium variations in the soil under I2 and I3 irrigation regimes shows the important of irrigation management for salinity control. The results showed that I2 have better performance than the other irrigation regimes due to less salt accumulation and SAR values in the root zone.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigation management
  • Leaching
  • Pistachio
  • Saline water
  • SAR

مراجع

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 50، شماره 2
خرداد و تیر 1398
صفحه 339-351

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