تأثیر دیاتومیت و زمان خوابانیدن بر توزیع شکل‌های شیمیایی سرب در خاک‌های آهکی آلوده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

4 استاد، گروه شیمی، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

5 استاد، گروه صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

حضور فلزات سنگین در آب و خاک به دلیل داشتن اثرات سمی برای موجودات زنده تبدیل به یک معضل جدی برای محیط‌زیست شده است. تثبیت فلزات سنگین در احیاء خاک­های آلوده به فلزات سنگین یکی از روش­های کم‌هزینه و سریع می­باشد. به منظور بررسی تأثیر دیاتومیت بر توزیع شکل­های شیمیایی سرب در خاک، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی در  سه سطح دیاتومیت (0،  2 و 5 درصد وزنی) و چهار زمان­ خوابانیدن (1، 2، 4 و 8 هفته) در دو خاک آلوده و در سه تکرار انجام شد. توزیع عناصر در زمان­های مذکور با روش عصاره­گیری متوالی تعیین و برای ارزیابی وضعیت تحرک پذیری سرب در خاک­های موردمطالعه، از شاخص توزیع کاهش‌یافته (IR) و شاخص تحرک (MF) استفاده شد. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد، کاربرد دیاتومیت موجب کاهش معنی­دار (P ≤ 0.01) سرب در بخش­های تبادلی و کربناتی و افزایش معنی­دار آن در بخش­های متصل به اکسیدهای آهن و منگنز، آلی و باقیمانده نسبت به خاک شاهد شده است. با افزایش سطوح دیاتومیت افزوده­شده به خاک و زمان انکوباسیون، مقدار IR  و pH افزایش، اما مقدار MF و بخش قابل عصاره گیر با DTPA سرب کاهش نشان داد که بیانگر کاهش تحرک سرب با افزایش سطح دیاتومیت و زمان خوابانیدن است. کاهش تحرک سرب در خاک لوم رسی نسبت به خاک لوم شنی احتمالا به دلیل محتوای بیشتر رس و محتوای کمتر کربنات کلسیم معادل بود. به طور کلی می­توان بیان کرد که افزودن دیاتومیت به خاک آلوده به ویژه در سطوح بالاتر (5 درصد)، منجر به کاهش زیست‌فراهمی و تحرک سرب در خاک می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Diatomite and Incubation Time on Distribution of Chemical Forms of Lead in Calcareous Contaminated Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • marziyeh piri 1
  • Ebrahim Sepehr 2
  • Abbas Samadi 3
  • Khalil Farhadi 4
  • Mohammad Alizadeh 5
1 Department of soil science, urmia university
2 Associate Prof., Dep. Soil Sci., Urmia University
3 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
5 Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

The presence of heavy metals in water and soil are major concern for the environment due to their toxicity to many life forms. Stabilization of heavy metals in remediation of contaminated soils is one of the cost-effectiveness and rapid implementation method. In order to study the effect of diatomite on chemical forms of Lead in calcareous soils, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three levels of diatomite application in soil (0, 2 and 5 % by weight), four levels of incubation time (1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks) and in twocontaminated soils with three replications. Chemical distribution of Lead in soils were determined using Tessier sequential extraction method during the mentioned incubation times and reduced partition index (IR) and mobility factor (MF) of the metals were calculated as a Lead mobility indices in the soils. The obtained results showed that the application of diatomite significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreases the lead in the exchangeable and carbonate fractions and increases it in the iron and manganese oxide, organic and residual bond fractions significantly in comparison to the control treatment. The IR and pH values increased but MF and DTPA-extractable Lead values decreased with increasing diatomite level and incubation time which demonstrates a decrease in the mobility of lead in the soils. Lead mobility reduction in the clay loam soil compared to the one in the sandy loam soil was probably due to higher content of clay and lower content of Calcium Carbonate Equilibrium.  Generally, itcan be concluded that the addition of diatomite into the soil especially with high levels (5%) reduces the bioavailability and mobility of the Lead in the soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Sequential extraction
  • Diatomite
  • lead
  • Calcareous soil

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 50، شماره 1
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1398
صفحه 111-122

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