ارزیابی تغییرات مکانی و زمانی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از WQI طی دو دهه در آبخوان استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

چکیده

آب­ زیرزمینی از منابع ارزشمندی است و حفظ و نگهداری آن­ نیازمند پایش کمی و کیفی است. به‌منظور پایش کیفیت آب زیرزمینی از شاخص­های مختلفی همچون WQI (water quality index) استفاده می­شود. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی تغییرات زمانی-مکانی WQI در آبخوان آب­ زیرزمینی استان گلستان شامل حوضه­های خلیج گرگان، گرگانرود و قره­سو می­باشد. استان گلستان به‌عنوان منطقه مطالعاتی انتخاب شد. داده‌های مربوط به پارامتر­های کیفی 114 چاه عمیق در آبخوان­ این استان طی یک دوره 21 ساله تهیه و بر اساس آن­ها، WQI محاسبه شد. پس از پهنه­بندی این شاخص در محیط GIS، تغییرات زمانی-مکانی آن از لحاظ میانگین، دامنه تغییرات، کمترین و بیشترین مقادیر مشاهده‌شده طی این دوره بررسی شد. در پهنه­بندی WQI در محیط GIS، روش کریجینگ بیزین تجربی نتایج بهتری را ارائه کرد. پهنه­بندی کیفی WQI در آبخوان مورد مطالعه نشان داد که آبخوان در وضعیت خوب و بسیار خوب قرار دارد و فقط بخش کوچکی از آن­ که به سواحل شرقی دریای خزر و شمال منطقه مطالعاتی منتهی می­شوند، ازلحاظ کیفی در وضعیت بد قرار دارند. با توجه به اندازه­گیری پارامتر­های کیفی در دو نوبت از سال، نتایج نشان داد میانگین WQI در نیمه اول و دوم سال اختلاف قابل‌توجهی ندارد. همچنین بررسی­ها نشان می­دهد که هر چه به سمت شمال منطقه مطالعاتی و ساحل دریا نزدیک می­شویم، کیفیت آب کاهش می­یابد. با توجه به تبعیت WQI از شیب عمومی منطقه، ساختار مکانی خوبی در منطقه وجود داشت که باعث شد تا روش درون­یابی کریجینگ بیزین تجربی نتایج بهتری را ارائه کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of spatial and temporal variations of groundwater quality using WQI during two decades in aquifer of Golestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzaneh kia 1
  • Khalil Ghorbani 2
  • meysam salarijazi 3
1 M.Sc.Water Resource Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Water Engineering Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Water Engineering Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Groundwater is of valuable resources that its conservation needs quality and quantity monitoring. Different indices such as WQI (water quality index) are used in order to monitor the groundwater quality. The objective of this study is to assess spatial-temporal changes in WQI in groundwater aquifer of Golestan province including Ghare-Sou, Grgan-Roud and Gorgan gulf basins. The Golestan province was selected as the study area. WQI was calculated based on the quality parameters data of 114 deep wells in the study area, collected during a 21-years period. After zoning WQI in GIS, the spatial-temporal changes of this index were investigated considering the range of changes, the observed minimum and maximum values during the study period. The empirical Bayesian kriging method presented better results in comparison to other methods for WQI zoning in GIS environment. The quality zoning of WQI in the studied area showed that the aquifer is in a good and very good condition and it is only bad in a small part of aquifer located in the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea and the northern part of the study area. In addition, no considerable differences were found between the WQI averages of the two events data sampling during the year. Also, the investigations show a decrease in water quality as closing to the sea shore and to the northern part of the study area. According to the fact that WQI follow the general slope of the region, there was a good spatial structure in the region which caused a better result for empirical Bayesian kriging interpolation method.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Groundwater
  • Quality Monitoring
  • WQ
  • Golestan province
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