تأثیر روش‌های مختلف مدیریت مصرف آب بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی و بهره‌وری آب گوجه‌فرنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران

2 استادیار دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، گروه آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

4 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

محدودیت منابع آب و خشکسالی­های اخیر، لزوم استفاده از سیستم‌های نوین کشت محصولات را برای کاهش آب مصرفی و افزایش  بهره­وری آب  ایجاد کرده است. این پژوهش در سال 1395 در مجتمع گلخانه­ای دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز اجرا گردید. در این پژوهش اثر روش‌های کم آبیاری تنظیم‌شده (RDI) و خشکی موضعی ریشه (PRD) بر گوجه‌فرنگی در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک بررسی گردید. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار و پنج تیمار شامل تیمار آبیاری RDI در دو سطح 85 و 70 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (RDI85 و RDI70) و آبیاری PRD در دو سطح 85 و 70 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (PRD85 و PRD70) و تیمار شاهد اجرا گردید.. نتایج نشان داد که شیوه­ها و سطوح مختلف کم آبیاری بر کلسیم، منیزیم، سدیم، پتاسیم، اسیدیته، مواد جامد محلول، مواد آلی و قطر میوه اثر معنی­دار ندارد، در حالی که بر تعداد میوه، وزن میوه، ارتفاع میوه و بهره­وری آب  محصول اثر معنی­دار گذاشته است. بیشترین وزن میوه در بوته و  بهره­وری آب در تیمار PRD85 و کمترین وزن میوه در بوته و  بهره­وری آب در تیمار PRD70 مشاهده شد. همچنین کم آبیاری به صورت خشکی موضعی ریشه با سطح 85% نیاز آبی گیاه به عنوان بهترین روش برای کشت هیدروپونیک گوجه­فرنگی انتخاب شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Different Methods of Water Application Management on Quantitative and Qualitative Properties and Water Productivity of Tomato

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad hooshmand 1
  • Mohammad Albaji 2
  • saeed boroomand nasab 3
  • naser alam zadeh ansari 4
1 Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Irrigation and Drainage Dept, Faculty of Water Sciences Eng, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran.
3 Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
4 Department of Horticultural science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahرaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The limitations of water resources and recent droughts have dictated to use modern crop production systems for reducing water application and increasing water productivity. This research was carried out in the integrated greenhouse of agricultural faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2016. This study has investigated the effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root zone drying (PRD) on tomato under hydroponic culture conditions. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates and five treatments, consisted of RDI at 85 and 70% of plant water requirement, PRD irrigation at 85 and 70% of the plant water requirement, and control. The results showed that the different methods and levels of deficit irrigation did not have a significant effect on calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, pH, TSS, organic matter and fruit diameter, while they have significant effect on the number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit height, and water productivity. The highest fruit weights per plant and water productivity were observed in PRD85 treatment and the least fruit weight per plant and water productivity were observed in PRD70 treatment. Also, deficit irrigation through PRD85 was selected as the best treatment for hydroponic cultivation of tomato.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deficit irrigation
  • hydroponic
  • partial root zone drying
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