بررسی تأثیر سامانه‌های خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی و کم خاک‌ورزی بر شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

کیفیت خاک عبارت است از ظرفیت و عملکرد یک خاک مشخص در داخل محدوده­ زیست‌بوم‌های طبیعی یا تحت مدیریت انسان، برای تولیدات پایدار گیاهی و حیوانی، حفظ یا ارتقاء کیفیت آب ‌و هوا و حمایت از سلامت و مسکن انسانی. کیفیت خاک را نمی‌توان به‌طور مستقیم اندازه‌گیری کرد اما با استفاده از خصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک قابل استنتاج می‌باشد. این مطالعه جهت بررسی اثر سامانه­های خاک­ورزی حفاظتی و کم خاک­ورزی در مقایسه با خاک­ورزی مرسوم، بر کیفیت خاک انجام شد. تیمارهای خاک­ورزی­ شامل بی­خاک­ورزی، کم خاک­ورزی با دیسک، خاک­ورزی مرکب و خاک­ورزی متداول بود. این بررسی پس از انجام پنج سال متوالی این تیمارها در منطقه مورد مطالعه صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بی­خاک­ورزی، کم خاک­ورزی با دیسک و خاک­ورزی حفاظتی با خاک­ورز مرکب به ترتیب در عمق 10-0 سانتی­متری 79/32، 87/21 و 22/19 درصد، در عمق 20-10 سانتی­متری 94/18، 74/15 و 76/14 درصد و در عمق 30-20 سانتی­متری 32/17، 62/11 و 82/16 درصد در مقایسه با خاک­ورزی مرسوم باعث بهبود شاخص کیفیت تلفیقی خاک شدند. علاوه بر این شاخص کیفیت خاک نمرو نیز در کلیه تیمارها نسبت به شاهد (خاک­ورزی­ مرسوم) بهبود یافت. همچنین با افزایش عمق خاک، کیفیت خاک و میزان تأثیر تیمارها بر آن روند کاهشی نشان داد. با توجه به یافته­های این تحقیق، استفاده از سامانه بی­خاک­ورزی به دلیل بهبود کیفیت خاک، در منطقه مورد مطالعه و مناطق مشابه، به عنوان اقدام مفیدی در مدیریت پایدار خاک­ برای کشاورزان توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effects of Conservation and Reduced Tillage Systems on Soil Quality Indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ramin Ghahramanpoor 1
  • Manoochehr Gorji 2
  • Ahmad Ali Pourbabaee 3
  • Mohsen Farahbakhsh 3
1 MS.C student, department of soil science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, university of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Professor, department of soil science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, university of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate professor, department of soil science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, university of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil quality as "the capacity of a specific kind of soil to function, within natural or managed ecosystem boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality, and support human health and habitation. Soil quality cannot be directly measured, but it can be inference from the integration of soil physical, chemical and biological properties. This study was conducted to compare the effects of conservative, reduced, and conventional tillage on soil quality indices. Tillage treatments were no tillage, disc plow tillage, combination tillage, and conventional tillage, which have been performed for five years. The results showed that no tillage, disc plow tillage and combination tillage improved the integrated quality index of the soil (IQI) respectively as 32.79%, 21.78% and 16.82%,  for the depth of 0-10 cm, 18.94%, 15.74%, 14.76% for the depth of 10-20 cm, and 17.32%, 11.62%, 16.82% for the depth of 20-30 cm as compared to conventional tillage. Also, nemero quality index (NQI) of the soil was improved in all conservation treatments as compared to conventional tillage. Also, it was revealed that the soil quality decreased as the soil depth increases. Regarding to the research findings, the no tillage system, due to improvement of the soil quality, is recommended as a beneficial practice for farmers to manage the soil in the proposed and similar areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conventional tillage
  • Minimum Data Set
  • No tillage
  • Sustainable agriculture
  • Total Data Set
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