برآورد ارتفاع تراز انجماد، ارتفاع خط تعادل، ارتفاع مرز پرمافراست و درصد برف-پوش در ارتفاعات سبلان و اثر آنها بر منابع آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکدة علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

ارتفاع تراز انجماد (FLH) ، ارتفاع مرز پرمافوراست (PEA) ، ارتفاع خط تعادل (ELA) و درصد برف­پوش (SC) ارتفاعات از مؤلفه‌های مؤثر و مهم در بررسی وضعیت اقلیمی منابع آبی محسوب می­گردد. برای محاسبة پارامتر­های فوق از نرخ افت ­دمای ­محیطی با افزایش ارتفاع (ELR) استفاده شد. به دلیل مشکلاتی که در استفاده از داده­های اقلیمی ایستگاه‌های زمینی محدوده مطالعاتی وجود داشت، از داده­های پایگاه رادیوسند شبکه­ای (GDAS) استفاده شد. این پایگاه داده دارای قدرت تفکیک و توزیع مکانی - زمانی مناسب­تری است. ابتدا داده­های خام در محیط برنامه­نویسی پایتون مورد پردازش و فرآوری قرار گرفت، سپس ELR در لایه پائینی تروپوسفر تا ارتفاع 6000 متری محاسبه و برای برآورد FLH در بازة زمانی 2008-2016 به کار گرفته شد. از تراز FLH و نرخ افت ELR برای محاسبة تراز PEA در ارتفاعات سبلان استفاده شد. نتایج در قالب نمودار، نقشه و جدول ارائه شد. وضعیت برف-پوش ارتفاعات سبلان در دورة آماری مشابه از تصاویر ماهواره­ای مادیس ترا و آکوا به دست آمد و در بازه­های زمانی ماه، فصل و متوسط سالانه تدوین و ارائه شد. سطوح SC و تراز FLH مورد بررسی، مقایسه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. موقعیت FLH همراه با تحلیل توزیع هیپسومتریکی ارتفاعات می‌تواند در تحلیل چشم­انداز منابع آبی و تعیین سناریوهای مدیریتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. مقایسة درصد SC و تراز FLH نشان داد که اختلاف این دو سطح در ماه‌های گرم و خشک افزایش و به سمت ماه‌های سرد و مرطوب­تر روند کاهشی دارد. تراز FLH زمستانه در ارتفاعات سبلان در طبقات ارتفاعی 1200 تا 1700، 1700 تا 2200 و 2200 تا 2700 متر به ترتیب چشم­انداز شرایط نرمال، نیمه­بحرانی و بحرانی سال آبی را نوید می­دهند که می­تواند در سیاست­گزاری  مدیریت منابع آب موثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Freezing Level Height, Equilirium Line and Permafrost Edge Altitude and Snow-Cover Percentage at Sabalan Mountain and Their Impact on Water Resources

نویسندگان [English]

  • sina solhi 1
  • Abdollah Seif 2
1 Physical Geography Department , Geographic Science and Planning Faculty, University of Isfahan, Hezarjarib St., Isfahan, Iran
2 Physical Geography Department , Geographic Science and Planning Faculty, University of Isfahan, Hezarjarib St., Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Freezing Level Height (FLH), Permafrost Edge Altitude (PEA), Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) and Snow-Cover Percentage (SC) are considered as important components of assessing and investigating the status of water resources. Environmental Lapse-Rate (ELR) was used to calculate these parameters. Regarding to the problem of using Land-Based climatological stations data, gridded radiosonde data were used as a replacement. This database has a higher and proper spatial and temporal resolution. In the first stage, raw data were processed in the Python programming environment, and then the ELR ratios on the lower part of troposphere were estimated up to 6000m in order to be used in FLH calculation during 2008 to 2016 time period, FLH and ELR were together used to calculate PEA at Sabalan mountainous area. The results are presented in the form of diagrams, maps and tables. Snow-Cover status at the Sabalan heights was obtained from Terra and Aqua Modis images, during the same period and they were analyzed and presented on the basis of monthly, seasonaly and annually time interval. The SC levels and the FLH altitudes were analyzed and compared. The FLH position, and hypsometrical distribution interactions, can be used for investigation of water resources future, and the establishment of appropriate water management scenarios. The comparison of SC percentage and the FLH level pointed out more differences during warm-months and the less during cold and wet months of the year. Winterly FLH level of Sabalan mountain lies at the elevation classes of 1200-1700, 1700-2200 and 2200-2700m which shows a normal, semi-critical and critical state of water resources respectively that could affect water resources management policies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Freezing Level Height (FLH)
  • Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA)
  • Permafrost Edge Altitude (PEA)
  • Snow-Cover Percentage (SC)

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 49، شماره 6
بهمن و اسفند 1397
صفحه 1331-1354

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