بررسی اثر زهکشی خشک بر نحوه حرکت و توزیع کاتیون‌ها با استفاده از یک مدل فیزیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

3 استاد بازنشسته، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

5 استاد، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

در سال­های اخیر نظر به کاهش منابع آب، پژوهشگران زهکشی خشک را به دلیل نیاز کمتر به آب، هزینه اجرا و نگهداری برای کاربرد در مناطق خشک مورد توجه قرار داده­اند. آگاهی از نحوه و میزان انتقال املاح مختلف از منطقه آبیاری به منطقه آیش برای بررسی عملکرد این سیستم و ارزیابی پیش از اجرای پروژه­های تصفیه و بازیافت نمک جمع‌آوری‌شده از سطح خاک منطقه آیش ضروری است. در این مطالعه اثر زهکشی خشک بر انتقال کاتیون­های مهم و تغییر شوری (EC) در یک خاک لومی با استفاده از یک مدل فیزیکی تحت کاشت گیاه جو در سال 1395 بررسی شد. مدل مذکور از جنس گالوانیزه و دارای طول، عرض و ارتفاع مفید 2، 5/0 و 1 متر بود. بر­اساس نتایج، پروفیل تغییرات غلظت سدیم و کلسیم مشابه یکدیگر بود و با پروفیل تغییرات غلظت پتاسیم و منیزیم تفاوت داشت. یون­های سدیم، پتاسیم و کلسیم در لایه­های فوقانی خاک و منیزیم در لایه­های تحتانی خاک منطقه آیش تجمع یافته بودند. همچنین در انتهای دوره آزمایش غلظت سدیم و کلسیم در سطح خاک منطقه آیش به ترتیب به 210 و 410 درصد، پتاسیم و منیزیم به ترتیب به 125 و 115 درصد و مقدار نسبت جذب سدیم به 126 درصد مقدار اولیه در زمان شروع آزمایش رسیده بود. مقدار شوری سطح خاک منطقه آبیاری و آیش نیز در پایان آزمایش به ترتیب به 145 و 270 درصد مقدار اولیه در زمان شروع آزمایش بالغ شده بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Effect of Dry Drainage on the Transport and Distribution of Cations Using a Physical Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahab Ansari 1
  • Jahangir Abedi Koupai 2
  • Behrouz Mostafazadeh-Fard 3
  • Mohammad Shaian Nejad 4
  • Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi 5
1 PhD student, Water Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
2 Professor, Water Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
3 . Professor emeritus, Water Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Water Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
5 Professor, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In recent years, decreasing water resources stimulated researchers to consider dry drainage in dry area due to less cost and water requirement. Understanding mechanism and the amount of different salts transportation from the irrigated area to the non-irrigated area is necessary to evaluate the performance of this system and the pre-implementation of purification and recovery projects of the salt collected from the non-planted surface area. In this study, the effect of dry drainage on the transportation of important cations and salinity changes (EC) in a loamy soil were investigated using a physical model under barley cultivation in 2017. The physical model was made of galvanize and had useful length, width and height of 2, 0.5 and 1 meter respectively. On the basis of the results, changes in sodium and calcium concentration profiles were similar and they were different from changes in potassium and magnesium concentration profiles. Sodium, potassium and calcium ions were accumulated in the upper soil layer, but magnesium was accumulated in the lower soil layer of the non-planted area. At the end of experiment, sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium concentrations and SAR at the soil surface of non-irrigated area were 210, 410, 125, 115 and 126 percent of their initial values respectively. At the end of experiment, the soil surface salinity of the planted and non-planted areas was increased up to 145 and 270% of their initial values, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley
  • Cations transport
  • Dry drainage
  • EC
  • SAR

مراجع

Abbasi, F. (2013). Advanced soil physics. Iran. Tehran. University of Tehran Press. 320 pp. (In Farsi)
Afyuni, A., Mojtabapur, R. Noorbakhsh, F. (1997). Salt – affected soils and reclamation. Iran. Isfahan. Arkan Danesh  publications. 216pp. (In Farsi)
Akram, S. Kashkouli, H. A. and Akram, M. (2008). Salinity and water table control in dry drainage. In: Preceding of 10th International Drainage Workshop of ICID Working Group on Drainage. 6-11 July, Helsinki, Tallinn. pp. 385-386.
Azari, A. (2004) Drainage by Capillary Flow and Evaporation, In: 3th technical Workshop of Drainage and Environment.Tehran. Iran. (In Farsi)
Barzegar, A. R. (2001) Salt – affected soils: Diagnosis and productivity. Iran. Ahwaz. Shahid Chamran University Press. 273 pp. (In Farsi)
Bohn, H. L., Brian, L., Oconnor, G. A. (1979) Soil Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons. New York. 343pp.
Bybordi, M. (2008) Principles of Land Drainage (10th ed.). Iran. Tehran. University of Tehran Press. 641 pp. (In Farsi)
Doosti, A., Sotoodehnia, A., Liaghat, A. M. and Daneshkar Arasteh, P. (2014). Simulation of Dry Drainage to Determine the Ratio of the Width of Non-Cropped to Cropped strip. Iranian journal of water and soil researches. 45(1) 47-54, (In Farsi).
Ehteshami, M., Ashke Torab, H., Siyahi, M. K. (1999) Agricultural salinity and drainage. Iran. Tehran. Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Draiange Publications. 160 pp. (In Farsi)
Environmental Criteria of Return Water and Wastewater Reuse. (2010) Deputy Strategic. Iranian Oversight of the Presidency. 535. 155pp. (In Farsi)   
Growing, J. W. and Wyseure, G. C. L. (1992) Dry- drainage a sustainable and cost-effective solution to waterlogging and salinization, In: Proceeding of 5th International Drainage Workshop, Vol.3, ICID-CIID, Lahore Pakistan, pp:626-634.
Hajabbasi, M. A. (2007) Soil physical properties. Iran. Isfahan. Isfahan University of Technology Press. 288pp. (In Farsi)
Iranian technical Instruction of Barley Agriculture. (2013) Department of Plant Production. Office of Cereals, legumes and fodder plants. Ministry of Agriculture. 37 pp. (In Farsi)   
Jia, Z. and Evans, R. O. (2006) Effect of controlled drainage and vegetative buffers on drainage water quality from wastewater irrigation field. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering ASCE. 132(3):159-170.
Khouri, N. (1998) Potential of dry drainage for controlling soil salinity. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 25:195-205.
Konukcu, F., Growing, J. W. and Rose, D. A. (2006) Dry drainage: A sustainable solution to waterlogging and salinity problems in irrigation areas?, Agricultural Water Management. 83:1-12.
Kovda, V. A. (1971). Origin of saline soils and their regime. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 168-172.
Lindsay, W. L. (1979) Chemical Equilibria in soils. John Wiley and Sons. New York. 449pp.
Malik, M., Mustafa, M. A. M. A. And Letey. J. (1992) Effect of mixed Na/Ca solutions on swelling, dispersion and Transient water flow in unsaturated montmorillonitic soils. Geoderma. 52: 17-28.
Mostafazadeh- Fard, B. (2007) Draiange Engineering. Kankash Publication. 425 pp. (In Farsi)
Salardini, A. A. (1983) Soil Fertility. Iran. Tehran. University of Tehran Press. 428 pp. (In Farsi)
Shimojima, E. Yoshioka, R. and Tamagawa, I. (1996). Salinization owing to evaporation from bare-soil surfaces and its influences on the evaporation.Journal of Hydrology, 178(1-4), 109-136.
Soltani, M., Rahimikhoob, A. and Sotoodehnia, A. (2017). Effect of ratio of cropped to uncropped width on root zone salinity in dry drainage. Iranian journal of water and soil researches, 48 (3), 555-563. (In Farsi)    
Soltani, M., Rahimikhoob, A., Sotoodehnia, A., Mendicin, G., Akram, M. and Senatore, A. (2018). Numerical evaluation of the effects of increasing ration of cropped to uncropped width on dry drainage efficiency in salty soils. Irrigation and drainage (ICID), DOI: 10.1002/ird.2199.
WARDA (West Africa Rice Development Association). (1997). Annual Report, pp.36-44.
Wichelns, D. and Oster, J. D. (2006). Sustainable irrigation is necessary and achievable, but direct costs and environmental impacts can be substantial. Agricultural Water Management, 86(1-2): 114-127.
Wu, J. W. Zhao, L. R. Huang, J. S. Yang, J. Z. Vincent, B. Bouarfa, S. and Vidal, A. (2009). On the effectiveness of dry drainage in soil salinity control. Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, 25, 3328-3334.
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 49، شماره 6
بهمن و اسفند 1397
صفحه 1215-1225

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار