بررسی نقش مناطق حائل گیاهی در کاهش میزان فرسایش و تولید رسوب با استفاده از مدل WEPP، مطالعه موردی: یک دامنه لسی زراعی در شهرک عرفان گرگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 استادیار گروه مدیریت مناطق بیابانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

4 استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

وجود اراضی کشاورزی حساس لسی در جنوب و غرب شهر گرگان، شخم در جهت شیب این دامنه‌ها و عدم موفقیت در ترویج روش‌های زراعی مبتنی بر شخم در راستای خطوط تراز سبب شده است که استفاده از اقدامات کنترلی جایگزین، مانند کشت نوارهای بافر حاشیه اراضی مورد توجه قرار گیرد. دامنه مورد مطالعه با مساحت 1/5 هکتار متشکل از 3 زمین کشاورزی متوالی و 4 منطقه بافر گیاهی دائمی شامل 3 نوار حد­فاصل اراضی کشاورزی با متوسط ضخامت 7 متر و یک قطعه زمین آیش به طول 55 متر در پایین­دست دامنه می­باشد. در این تحقیق با استفاده از داده‌های باران‌نگار ثبات و ایستگاه سینوپتیک هاشم‌آباد گرگان، فایل اقلیم مدل WEPP توسط برنامه BPCDG برای سال 2015 ساخته شد. همچنین به‌منظور افزایش دقت نقشه طبقات ارتفاعی دامنه، فایل شیب مدل نیز با استفاده از دوربین‌های نقشه‌برداری دیجیتالی با قدرت تفکیک 2/0 متر تهیه شد. برای واسنجی مدل WEPP از نتایج شبیه­ساز باران در سطح پلات استفاده شد. سپس مدل WEPP برای دو حالت با و بدون وجود نوارهای بافر فعلی دامنه اجرا شده و نتایج آن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مدل WEPP مقدار تلفات خاک و رسوب ویژه دامنه مورد مطالعه را در سناریوی با بافرهای دامنه به ترتیب 36/27 و 08/18 تن در هکتار در سال و در سناریوی بدون بافرهای دامنه، به ترتیب 11/37 و 28/35 تن در هکتار در سال برآورد کرد. همچنین مدل، ارتفاع رواناب دامنه در این دو سناریو را به ترتیب 66/32 و 54/40 میلی­متر برآورد کرد. نتایج نشان داد که مناطق بافری در دامنه مورد مطالعه، توانسته‌اند میزان فرسایش و رسوب را به ترتیب 75/9 و 20/17 تن در هکتار و ارتفاع رواناب دامنه را 88/7 میلی­متر در سال کاهش دهند؛ بنابراین مناطق بافر دامنه توانسته­اند حجم قابل توجهی از رسوب (49 درصد) که در مناطق پایین­دست دامنه باعث ایجاد خسارات چشمگیر می­شوند را مهار کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Role of Buffer Strips in Reducing Erosion and Sediment Using the WEPP Model: A Case Study of a Loess Hillslope in Erfan Suburb –Gorgan, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Jabale 1
  • Ali Najafinejad 2
  • Mohsen Hosseinalizadeh 3
  • Ali Mohammadian Behbahani 3
  • Ali Golkarian 4
1 . MSc. Student, Dept. of Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Arid Zone Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Existence of susceptible agricultural lands with loess deposits in the South and West of Gorgan, with plowing in down-slope direction and failure in promoting contour plowing based methods  have led to use  alternative control practices  such as cultivating buffers in the marginal lands. The under-studied hillslope with an area of 5.1 hectares includes four long agricultural lands and three permanent vegetation buffer strips between them with an average width of 7 meters and a field under fallow with 55 meters length located in the down slope. In this study, the climate files of the WEPP model were built by using the BPCDG software for the year 2015 based on the data of the recording rain-gauge in the Hashem Abad synoptic station. To increase the accuracy of the model, the slope file was created using a digital survey camera with a resolution of 0.2 meter. In order to verify the WEPP model, the plot observation data of a rainfall simulator were used. Then two cases of lack and existence of current buffer strips in the hillslope were evaluated by the WEPP model. WEPP model estimated the amount of erosion and the specific sediment for the existing buffers modes in hillslope to be 27.36 and 18.08 tons per hectare per year respectively, and for the scenario of a lack of buffer strips, they were estimated to be 37.11 and 35.28 tons per hectare per year,‌ respectively. Also, the model estimated runoff rate for the existence and lack of buffer strip scenarios to be 32.66 and 40.54 mm, respectively.  The results showed that the buffer zones in the under-studied hillslope have decreased the amount of erosion and sediment to 9.75 and 17.20 tons per hectare per year respectively, as well as reduce the runoff rate 7.88 millimeter per year. Therefore, the buffer zones were able to control a significant amount of sediment (49 percent), which cause remarkable damages in the downward.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • loess
  • Buffer strip
  • Gorgan
  • WEPP hillslope model
  • BPCDG
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