مطالعه تأثیر مالچ کاه و کلش گندم بر نگهداشت رطوبتی خاک در شرایط دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه خاک‌شناسی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه خاک‌شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

3 استادیار گروه خاک‌شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

کمبود آب مهمترین عامل محدودکننده عملکرد محصول در مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک است. از این رو جلوگیری از هدررفت آب و دستیابی به عملکرد مناسب امری مهم در کشتزارهای دیم محسوب می­شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر کاه و کلش گندم بر محتوای رطوبتی خاک تحت شرایط دیم در منطقه نیمه­خشک انجام گرفت. پنج سطح مالچ کاه و کلش گندم (صفر، 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد پوشش سطح) در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در زنجان بررسی شد. مقدار مصرف مالچ در تیمار 100 درصد پوشش سطح معادل با 6 تن در هکتار بود. برای این منظور، 15 کرت به ابعاد 2 متر×5 متر در زمینی دیم با شیب 10 درصد احداث و مالچ­ها با خاک مخلوط شدند. رطوبت خاک به روش حجمی در فواصل هفت روز طی دوره رشد (از مهر 1394 تا تیر 1395) اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که محتوای رطوبتی خاک طی دوره رشد دارای تغییرات زمانی می­باشد و بیش­ترین مقدار محتوای رطوبتی خاک در کرت­های مالچ­دهی شده در اسفند ماه، همزمان با وقوع بیش­ترین بارندگی ماهانه رخ داد. رابطه­ای معنی­دار بین محتوای رطوبتی خاک و سطح مصرف مالچ وجود داشت (001/0P< و 95/0=2R). افزایش محتوای رطوبتی خاک در تیمار­های مالچ­دهی شده همگام با افزایش ظرفیت نگهداری آب خاک بود به­طوری که کاربرد مالچ اثری مثبت بر ظرفیت نگهداری آب خاک داشت. بیش­ترین مقدار رطوبت حجمی خاک در تیمار 100 درصد مالچ (62/10 درصد) بود که نسبت به تیمار شاهد 11 درصد افزایش نشان داد. تفاوت معنی­دار بین تیمار 100 درصد مالچ و تیمار 75 درصد از نظر تأثیر بر محتوای رطوبتی و ظرفیت نگهداشت آب خاک وجود نداشت؛ بنابراین کاربرد سطح 75 درصد مالچ کاه و کلش گندم روشی مناسب برای افزایش ظرفیت نگهداری آب خاک و در نتیجه حفظ رطوبت خاک در کشتزارهای دیم منطقه نیمه­خشک است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of wheat straw mulch on soil water retension in rainfed condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Rezaei pour 1
  • Ali Reza Vaezi 2
  • Mohammad Baba akbari 3
1 MSc. Student, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan,Zanjan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Water deficit in arid and semi-arid regions is the major yield-limiting factor of crop plants in arid and semi-arid regions. So, prevention of water loss is the first major step to obtain proper crop yield in rainfed lands of these regions. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mulch application on soil water retention under rainfed conditions in a semi-arid region. Toward this, five wheat straw mulch levels (0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of land surface cover) were used according to the randomized complete block designat three replications in a rainfed land with 10% steepness in Zanjan. About 6 ton straw mulch was used in 100% treatment. Fifteen plots with 2m×5m in dimensions were installed in the land and S was measured using the volumetric method in each mulched plot at 7-day interval during wheat growth period (from October 2015 to July 2016). Results indicated that SWR temporally varied during the growth period, so that the highest value of SWR in the mulched plots was observed in March, when the heavy rainfalls were occurred in the area. SWR was significantly related to straw mulch level (R2= 0.95, p< 0.001). Increasing SWR in the mulched plots was attributed with increasing soil water holding capacity. Application of straw mulch positively affected on the soil water holding capacity. The highest SWR was observed in 100% mulch (10.62%), about 11% more than that one in the contour plot. There was no significant difference between 75% mulch and 100% mulch in SWR as well as soil water holding capacity, so the application of 75% straw mulch can be considered as the optimum level for increasing soil water holding capacity as well as SWR in the rainfed lands of semi-arid regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plant residues
  • Temporal variability
  • Soil water content
  • Semi-arid region
  • Water loss
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