مطالعه تأثیر تنش‌های شوری آب و حاصلخیزی خاک، بر تبخیر‌‌ و‌‌‌ تعرق ذرت علوفه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا در رشته آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)

2 رییس دانشکده فنی، دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)

3 استادیار دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین

4 دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی

5 دانشگاه امام خمینی قزوین

چکیده

برای بررسی اثر تنش‌های شوری آب و حاصلخیزی خاک بر مقدار تبخیر و تعرق ذرت، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی، در مزرعه آموزشی دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره) و در سال 1396 انجام شد. تیمارهای شوری آب شامل چهار سطح 5/0، 1/2، 5/3 و 7/5 دسی زیمنس بر متر و تیمارهای حاصلخیزی خاک نیز در چهار سطح 100، 75، 50 و 25 درصد نیاز به کود ازته، در سه تکرار و در کرت‌هایی به مساحت 9 مترمربع به اجرا درآمد. در فواصل بین دو آبیاری، با اندازه‌گیری رطوبت خاک در عمق ریشه، تفاوت جذب آب توسط کرت­های تحت تنش نسبت به کرت بدون تنش، بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که با تغییر شوری آب آبیاری از حد 5/0 به 7/5 دسی­زیمنس بر متر در حاصلخیزی ، ،  و ، ضریب تنش تبخیر و تعرق  به ترتیب 77/0، 69/0، 64/0 و 63/0 شده است. همچنین با تغییر سطح حاصلخیزی از  به ، در شوری ، ،  و ، ضریب  به ترتیب؛ 96/0، 88/0، 83/0 و 63/0 شده است. از تیمار  تا ، مقدار تبخیر و تعرق، ضریب  و عملکرد محصول،به ترتیب؛ 37، 37 و 38 درصد کاهش یافته است. برای تخمین تبخیر و تعرق از روی تنش­های شوری و حاصلخیزی، شکل‌های مختلف توابع تولید برازش داده شد. در بین آن‌ها، تابع درجه دوم به دلیل داشتن آماره‌های RMSE و ME حداقل و و EF نزدیک به عدد یک، به‌عنوان تابع بهینه انتخاب شد. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که تنش‌های شوری و حاصلخیزی، با کاهش ضریب ، اثر کاهنده‌ای بر مقدار تبخیر و تعرق گیاه دارد. لذا با تعیین صحیح نیاز آبی گیاه تحت تنش، می‌توان از مصرف بی‌رویه آب جلوگیری کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Effect of water salinity and soil fertility stresses on evapotranspiration of Maize

نویسندگان [English]

  • reza saeidi 1
  • abbas sotoodehnia 2
  • hadi ramezani etedali 3
  • abbas kaviani 4
  • bizhan nazari 5
1 Phd candidate of irrigation and drainage Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University
2 Associate professor, Dept of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University
3 Assistant professor, Dept.of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University
4 Assistant professor, Dept.of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University
5 Assistant professor, Dept.of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University
چکیده [English]

In order to study of effect of saline water and soil fertility stresses on the evapotranspiration of maize, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design, in the research farm of Imam Khomeini International University, in 2017. Water salinity treatments consisted of four levels; 0.5(S_0 ), 2.1(S_1 ), 3.5(S_2 ) and 5.7(S_3 ) d_s/m and Soil fertilization treatments consisted of four levels of need to nitrogen fertilizer; 100(F_0 ), 75(F_1 ), 50(F_2 ) and 25 percent (F_3 ), was conducted In three repetitions and in plots with an area of 9 square meters. By measuring the soil moisture at the root zone, at intervals between two irrigations, was investigated the difference of water absorption by stressed plots relative to non-stress plot. The results showed that by changing the salinity of irrigation water from 0.5 to 5.7 (d_s/m), in fertolity levels of F_0, F_1, F_2 and F_3, the stress coefficient of evapotranspiration (K_S ) has been; 0.77, 0.69, 0.64 and 0.6, respectively. Also, by changing the fertility level from F_0 to F_3, in salinity levels of S_0, S_1, S_2 and S_3, the K_S has been; 0.96, 0.88, 0.83 and 0.63, respectively. From treatment of S_0 F_0 to S_3 F_3, were reduced the evapotranspiration, K_S coeffition and crop yield to; 37, 37 and 38 percent, respectively. Are fitted different forms of production functions, to estimation of evapotranspiration from salinity and fertility stresses. The quadratic function was chosen as the optimal function due to having the statistics of RMSE and ME at least and R^2 and EF close to number one. The salinity and fertility stresses, has a reducer effect on the amount of evapotranspiration of plant. Therefore, by correct determination of water requirement of under stress plant, you can avoid than consumption of a lot water.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Maize"
  • "Evapotranspiration"
  • "Stress Coeffition (K_S )"
  • "Water Salinity"
  • "Soil Fertility"
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