اثرات آشفتگی ناشی از تغییر کاربری اراضی بر پویایی فعالیت کرم‌ها، نماتدهای خاکزی و تصاعد دی اکسیدکربن خاک سطحی در ناحیه نوشهر (مطالعه موردی: گردکوه صافک)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

تغییر کاربری ­اراضی شمال ایران کیفیت خاک را در معرض تغییر قرار داده است. با هدف مطالعه اثر کاربری­های مختلف جنگل طبیعی، جنگل مخروبه، جنگل­کاری توسکا، جنگل­کاری سکویا، آیش و اگروفارستری بارده بر مشخصه­های زیستی خاک، منطقه جلگه­ای شمال ایران مورد توجه قرار گرفت. بدین منظور از شش کاربری ذکر شده تعداد 30 نمونه خاک از عمق 10-0 سانتی­متری گرفته شد. تعداد و زی­توده گروه‌های اکولوژیک کرم‌خاکی، فراوانی نماتدهای خاکزی و میزان تصاعد دی­اکسیدکربن در طول چهار فصل از خاک سطحی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین برخی خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک در محیط آزمایشگاه مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. مقادیر بیشینه تعداد کرم‌های خاکی (سه تعداد در مترمربع)، زی­توده کرم‌های خاکی (76/38 میلی‌گرم بر مترمربع)، فراوانی نماتدها (457 تعداد در 100 گرم خاک) و تصاعد دی­اکسیدکربن (47/0 میلی­گرم بر گرم خاک-روز) به کاربری توسکا تعلق داشت. در تمام کاربری­های مورد بررسی، هر سه گروه از کرم­های خاکی و نماتدها بیشترین فعالیت را به طور مشترک در فصل بهار و پاییز داشتند در حالی­که بیشترین مقدار تصاعد دی­اکسیدکربن در فصل تابستان ثبت شد. تحلیل PCA حاکی از بیشترین تأثیر مثبت مشخصه­های اسیدیته، نیتروژن و عناصر غذایی بر فعالیت موجودات خاکزی می­باشد. به عنوان نتیجه می­توان اذعان داشت که جنگل­کاری با گونه توسکا راه­کار مناسبی جهت بهبود شاخص­های زیستی و حفظ کیفیت خاک در مناطق تخریب شده شمال کشور با شرایط مشابه می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of disturbance caused by land use change on the dynamics of topsoil earthworm's activity, nematodes and carbon dioxide emission in the Nowshahr region (Case study: Gerdekoh-Safak)

نویسندگان [English]

  • negar moghimian
  • mohsen hosseini
  • yahya kooch
  • behroz zarei
TMU university
چکیده [English]

Land use change in the northern part of Iran has changed the quality of soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of different kinds of land use/cover, i.e. virgin natural forest, degraded natural forest, alder plantation, sequoia plantation, improved fallow and home garden areas on soil biological characters in plain area of northern Iran. For this, 30 soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-10cm in the studied land use/covers. Density and biomass of earthworm ecological groups, soil nematodes density and the rate of carbon dioxide emission were evaluated from top soil during 4 seasons. Also, some physicochemical properties were measured at the laboratory. The maximum of earthworms density, (3 n m-2), earthworms biomass (38.76 mg m-2), nematodes density (457 in 100 g soil), and the emission of carbon dioxide (0.47 mg CO2-C gsoil−1 day−1) belonged to Alder land cover. In all the studied land use, every three groups of earthworms and nematodes had jointly the highest activity in the spring and autumn, while the highest amount of carbon dioxide emissions was recorded in the summer. PCA showed the highest positive effect the soil pH, nitrogen and nutrients with biological properties. As a result, it can be concluded that plantation with Alder species is a good way to improve biological indicators and maintain soil quality in degraded areas of forests in the northern Iran with similar condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • natural forest
  • plantation
  • Season
  • Biological parameters
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